1. Section 3

2.  Big cities ran out of space in their downtown areas  Planners and architects decide to build up

3.  The first high rise building was constructed in Chicago in 1885. It was ten (10) stories high.

4.  Traffic jams become a problem as more people are living in cities  Frank Sprague designed the first electric street car system in Richmond Virginia

5.  Street cars ( or trolley) were fast, clean and quiet  In 1897, Boston led the way in building the first underground electric railway

6.  In 1904, New York opened the first section of its subway system  Earlier New York had built an elevated train called the E1. Steam engines pulled passengers cars along overhead tracks.

7.  1850 Fredrick Law Olmstead planned Central Park in New York City  Other cities followed this model setting aside areas for zoos and gardens so that people could enjoy green grass and trees during leisure time.

8.  In the 1800’s department stores sprang up, selling all kinds of goods in one building  In 1902 R.H. Macy opened a nine (9) story building at Herald Square in New York City  These department stores led to a new pastime, shopping

9.  Americans found a great escape through sports

10.  By the late 1800’s baseball was becoming the nation’s favorite sport  Baseball was first played in New York City in the 1840’s

11.  During the Civil War, New York soldiers showed other Union troops how to play the game  At first African Americans played baseball too  In the 1880’s they were barred from playing major league baseball

12.  In 1885 Frank Thompson organized a group of waiters into the first black professional team, the Cuban Giants of Long Island  In early baseball pitchers threw the ball underhand  Catchers caught the ball after one bounce

13.  Fielders did not wear gloves  High scores were common  One championship game ended with a score of 103 to 8

14.  Football grew out of soccer, which Americans had played since the colonial times  Players did not wear helmets and were often hurt  In one season 44 college players died from injury

15.  James Naismith invented basketball in 1891

16.  He planned to use square boxes, not hoops but the janitor nailed two (2) bushels baskets to the wall  The players tried to throw soccer balls into the baskets  The game caught on and spread to other YMCA’s and then to colleges

17.  A wide variety of cultural activities spread through cities including music  Generally only the wealthy attended orchestras or symphonies  Vaudeville: a variety show that included comedians, song and dance routines, and acrobats

18.  Ragtime: a new kind of music with a lively rhythmic sound  Scott Joplin, an African American composer, helped make ragtime popular

19.  Songwriters and Thomas Edison’s phonograph helped make song recording a popular industry

20.  Music and other kinds of entertainment brought Americans together  People from different culture sang the same songs and saw the same shows  Traveling groups like acting companies, circuses and Wild West shows spread American culture beyond the cities to small towns everywhere