1. T h e A m e r i c a n U n i v e r s i t y o f R o m e HST 201 - Survey of Western Civilization I Session 16 Politics of the Middle Ages, The Crusades Coming to the Renaissance

2. Carolingian evolution & Europe Monasteries & monasticism Cordoba (Arist. before F) Monasteries & knowledge Universities On the cultural front On the political front 800 1000 1400 1200 CH FRANCEFRANCE HRE GERMANY & Northern Italy Rhine & Italy Pope + Italian princes & republics ENGLANDENGLAND

5. Feudalism > Decentralized, territorialization (early Balkanization) (clustering of terri. & centr. power in the “Modern” era?) > Oath of allegiance & protection > Hierarchical society MONARCH > VASSALS-LORDS > PEASANTS >feudalism manoralism Confrontation of powers, mutual cooperation > Property system based on small-scale tenure system. > War

6.  Renaissance of trade > Parallel worlds in Europe > Cities: birth of the bourgeoisie >Technological advances > Population economic shifts, & social mobility: nobles, burghers, workers plus, great periods of revolts

7. More international politics, in the shape of agreements, treaties…and wars… hotspots in Europe > The politics of Innocent III (37), against Frederick II > Peace treaty regains Jerusalem, F II > France vs. England I: the conflict of Aquitaine; > F vs. E II: the 100 year wars, 1337-1453 (p.388); Claims the throne, Edward III; Burgundy with England; England keeps Calais. The incompetent Charles’ are followed by the able Louis’. End of Burgundy. > England ends “island-locked”…problematic? Negative? The menace from the East…trade but also war … Mongols, Ottomans

10. Q Ch 9 * How was the Latin Church reformed? * How did the Latin Church control popular heresy? * How did the recovery of classical learning affect medieval intellectual life? * What common themes unite literature, art, and architecture of the High Middle Ages?

11. Q Ch 10 * How did famine and plague transform economic life in late medieval Europe? * What were the causes of the popular rebellions from 1300 to 1450? * What were the main forms of late medieval popular piety? * What caused the rise of national monarchies? * Why was medieval Russia so unlike any other European state? * What trends led to the rise of vernacular literature during the later Middle Ages? * How did technological advances affect everyday life?