1. British North America (c. 1825)

2. Population Changes to the Canadas 1. American Revolution – 1775-1783 Loyalists – people who did not want independence from Britain – wanted to remain British citizens = Loyal to Britain/British/English values United Empire Loyalists 2. 1 st phase of large-scale immigration 1791-1812 “Late Loyalists” Some “true Loyalists” Some opportunists – came for cheap land on good locations Upper Canada’s population rose from 14 000 (1791) to 90 000 (1812)

3. Constitutional Act (1791) Creates two unique colonies and ways of life: 1.Upper Canada Up the St. Lawrence Loyalist English Anglican 2.Lower Canada Down the St. Lawrence Canadiens French Roman Catholic

4. War of 1812 1812-1815 USA declared war against Britain and attacked Upper & Lower Canada (British colony) As a colony of Great Britain, Canada was swept up in the War of 1812 and was invaded a number of times by the Americans. Britain won (Canada?) Had the United States been successful in their war against Britain and her colonies in ‘British North America, it is likely that Canada would not have evolved as a separate country.

5. The Great Migration (1815-1850) 3. 2 nd Large Scale wave of Immigrants (1815 – 1850) From British Isles – people displaced by Industrial Revolution Population doubles in Up. & Lw. Canada Newcomers bring new ideas: republican – USA reform – UK Some tensions between Scots (tenant farmers) and English (land-owners) from the ol’ country KEY: People came to Canada for a new start – usually when people move, they’re looking for something different than what they left behind – not everyone wanted to duplicate the system in UK that had caused them to move

6. Atlantic Slave Trade

7. Triangular Trade (1440-1835) Stage 1: Export of goods from Europe to Africa. For each captive, the African rulers would receive a goods from Europe. Including: guns, ammunition Stage 2: Export enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas and the Caribbean Islands. Stage 3: Return of goods to Europe from the Americas. The goods were the products of slave-labour plantations and included cotton, sugar, tobacco, molasses and rum.

8. Atlantic Slave Trade