1. Feminism in hamlet
Brown and Bev

2. Representing Ophelia- Elaine showalter
Ophelia literally has no story without Hamlet
Shakespeare offers very little information from which to imagine a past for Ophelia
Cultural links between femininity, female sexuality, insanity, and representation
Recurring subject in literature, popular culture, and painting.
Ophelia is most persistently presented in terms of symbolic meanings
The female characters appear as depictions of the social beliefs of Shakespeare’s era. As attitudes changed and time progressed, new beliefs began to surface on the strength of femininity in Shakespeare’s texts.

3. Symbolism
“Ophelia’s virginal and vacant white is contrasted with Hamlet’s scholar’s garb, his “suits of solemn black.”
Flowers: ‘Discordant double images of female sexuality’: Innocent blossoming and whorish contamination.
In giving away her flowers she is symbolically ‘deflowering herself’.
Drowning: Associated with the feminine, with female fluidity
Gaston Bachelard: “Drowning…. becomes the truly feminine death in the dramas of literature and life…. a beautiful immersion and submersion in the female element.
Water: Profound, organic symbol of the liquid woman whose eyes are so easily drowned in tears…”
“blank page to be written over or on by the male imagination.”

4. Various depictions of Ophelia’s suicide

5. Various representations of Ophelia
Romantics: “a character almost too exquisitely touching to be dwelt upon.”
The point was to ‘look at her’.
Transformation into an objet d’art
Response to madness was an ‘embrace’.
“poor Ophelia/Divided from herself and her fair judgement/Without the which we are picture.” (Claudius’ lament)
Augustans: Represent Ophelia as music
The response to madness was denial
Victorians: account of hysteria or mental breakdown in adolescence
A period of sexual instability, was regarded as ‘risky’ for women’s mental health.

6. Feminist views
“Protested against the “insipid little creature” of criticism, and advocated a strong and intelligent woman destroyed by the heartlessness of men.”
Women’s paintings: depicted as an inspiring, even sanctified emblem of righteousness.
Discourse of the 1970’s: Ophelia’s madness as ‘protest’ and ‘rebellion’.
Depicted as “a heroine, a powerful figure who rebels against the family and the social order; and the hysteric who refuses to speak the language of the patriarchal order.”

7. Dependence on men
Both leading female characters in Hamlet, Ophelia and Gertrude, live oppressed lives in the patriarchal society of Denmark.
Many opinions are held of them as weak and frail, Hamlet quoting in his first soliloquy. “Frailty, thy name is woman.’ (ACT I, SCENCE II)
Hamlet’s anger towards his mother propel him to characterise all woman as weak and unreliable.
Feminist views would say that Ophelia acts as a strong female presence as she is used as a ‘pawn’ by Hamlet, shadowed in the society of male dominance.
In offering flowers to Laertes, Claudius and Gertrude she symbolically depicts their characters showing her knowledge of the state of society and her awareness of the characters emotions and actions.

8. The final scene
In Act V Scene II, the performance reaches a climax with the death of all key characters.
Hamlet and Laertes battle in a fencing match, a show of masculinity.
Laertes’ sword is lined with a poisoned tip and Claudius has prepared a poisoned glass of wine.
Gertrude, in a show of strength takes up the cup and drinks against the orders of her husband, the king…. “I will, my lord. I pray you, pardon me.”

9. Quotes Frailty, thy name is woman. (ACT I, SCENE II)
O God, a beast that wants a discourse of reason Would have mourned longer O, most wicked speed to post With such dexterity to incestuous sheets! (ACT I, SCENE II)
Get thee to a nunnery. (ACT III, SCENE I)
God hath given you one face, and you make yourselves another. (ACT III, SCENE I)
“He is dead and gone lady” (ACT IV, SCENE V)
Ophelia states the play ‘The Murder of Gonzago’ is ‘brief’, to which Hamlet responds… “As woman’s love” (ACT III, SCENE II)