2. The Nuremberg Trials After Sixty Years

3. Julius Streicher on Trial

6. On Hitler’s Germany see Robert Gellately

7. Gallup Poll July 1942 Punishment for Nazi Leaders 35 % : Hang or shoot 31 % : Imprison or put in asylum 5 % : Treat as Nazis treated others 2 % : Slow torture 6 % : Exile; Not our affair; they’ll be dead 2 % : Be lenient in punishment 2 % : Court Martial 17 % : No opinion

8. Gallup Poll Nov. 1944 on Nazi Atrocities 76 % believed the atrocity stories “Your Guess of number murdered”? 27 %: say 100,000 or less 12 %: say up to 1 million Others over that number 25 %: unwilling to guess

9. Same Gallup Nov. ’44 Poll What should be done to the guilty? Most say: execution – “in poison gas chambers, by hanging, electrocution, or firing squad” Others favored torture

15. Belsen

17. Neuenberg: Sevices for the Victims

19. What Should be Done?

21. Stalin at Tehran over Dinner Stalin: Suggests executing 50,000– 100,000 Churchill: Upset FDR: Perhaps execute only 49,000

22. Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Molotov

23. Morgenthau v. Stimson

24. Henry L. Stimson Due process of law, consistent with U.S. constitution Offenses against “the laws of the Rules of War” as upheld by the U. S. Supreme Court

29. President Truman Accepts Stimson’s Plan

38. Robert H. Jackson Assoc. of U.S. Supreme Court, Chief U.S. Counsel

39. Justice Robert H. Jackson "The wrongs which we seek to condemn and punish have been so calculated, so malignant and so devastating that civilization can not tolerate their being ignored, because it can not survive their being repeated."

40. Count 1: The Conspiracy Charge Accused “participated as leaders, organizers, instigators or accomplices in the formulation or execution of a common plan or conspiracy to commit” the next three counts

41. Count 2: Crimes Against Peace Indicted those, who “participated in the planning, preparation, initiation, and waging wars of aggression, which were also wars in violation of international treaties, agreements and assurances.”

42. Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact Aug. 23, 1939 Soviet invasion of Poland, Sept. 17

43. Count 3: War Crimes Accused had a “common plan or conspiracy to commit War Crimes.” Carrying out the plan exceeded “the laws and customs of war.”

44. Count 4: Crimes against humanity Including “murder, extermination, enslavement, deportation and other inhumane acts committed against civilian populations before and during the war”

45. Count 4 continued Count 4: singled out “persecution on political, racial and religious grounds in execution of and in connection with the common plan mentioned in count one.”

46. The Jews and the Holocaust?

47. Ramp at Birkenau (1944)

48. Auschwitz II (Birkenau) Present Day (2002)

49. Verdicts: 22 Men 12 were sentenced to death by hanging (Bormann in abstentia) 3 found not guilty; 3 given life sentences; 2 given 20 years; 1 given 15 years; and 1 given 10 years

53. Truman On the Trials

54. “You can’t be vindictive after a war. I know what it means to lose. My own family had been on the losing side in the Civil War. I remember my grandmother telling me stories about Yankee redlegs who raided her farm and shot her chickens…

55. My mother hated the Yankees till she died, and I didn’t want hate to be this war’s gift to the future.”

56. The Nuremberg Interviews and Dr. Leon Goldensohn

57. The interviews and the international response

58. Otto Ohlendorf (1907-1951) Studied Economics and Law at the University of Leipzig and University of Göttingen

60. Ohlendorf Joined the SD in 1926 Head of Office III of the RSHA (1939-45), SD Inland (law, economics, culture) June 1941, head of Einsatzgruppe D

61. Einsatzgruppe D in Vinnitsa, Ukraine (1942)

62. Einsatzgruppen Raul Hilberg: they killed over 1.4 million Jews (1941-45) What did Herr Schellenberg have to say about this at Nuremberg? Admits responsibility for killing 90,000

64. The Legacy of the Trials International Criminal Court: The Hague Created by Rome Treaty 1998 Permanent Court First case: March 20, 2006