1. ETHOLOGICAL THEORY  Attachment Theory  Environmental Systems  Socio-Cultural

2. ETHOLOGICAL THEORY  Behavior is: …Strongly influenced by biology …Tied to evolution …Characterized by critical or sensitive periods …Emphasized in environmental contexts  Bowlby’s Attachment Theory Theories of Development

3. EVALUATING ETHOLOGICAL THEORY Theories of Development Contributions include: – Emphasis on biology and evolution, sensitive periods of development, and careful observations Criticisms include: – Emphasis on biological foundations, inadequate attention to cognition, emphasis on animal behavior

4. ECOLOGICAL THEORY  Bronfenbrenner’s view that development influenced by five environmental systems: …Microsystem …Mesosystem …Exosystem …Macrosystem …Chronosystem Theories of Development

5. BRONFENBRENNER’S ECOLOGICAL THEORY Theories of Development

6. SOCIOCULTURAL CONTEXTS  Key dimensions include: …Cross-cultural studies — comparisons of one culture with one or more other cultures …Ethnicity — range of characteristics rooted in cultural heritage …Gender — psychological and sociocultural dimension of being female or male Theories of Development

7. FAMILY CONTEXTS  Children in non-poor environments were more likely than those in poor homes to: …Get responses to their speech …Have toys or interesting activities …Have more books of their own …See their father daily Theories of Development

8. FAMILY CONTEXTS  Children in non-poor environments were more likely than those in poor homes to: …Get responses to their speech …Have toys or interesting activities …Have more books of their own …See their father daily Theories of Development

9. EVALUATING ECOLOGICAL THEORY  Contributions include: … Emphasis on macro and micro dimensions and socio-historical influences  Criticisms include: …Lacks emphasis on biological foundations and inadequate attention to cognitive processes Theories of Development