1. Chapter 1: What is Personality? Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: (1) Any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; (2) Preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; (3) Any rental, lease, or lending of the program.

2. What does it mean to be a person? Personality psychology ◦ the scientific study of the psychological forces that make people uniquely themselves Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

3. Eight Key Aspects of Personality Unconscious Ego forces Cognitive Biological Conditioning Traits Spiritual Person-situation interaction Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

4. Personality and Science Scientific methods are used to test personality theories ◦ Importance of data and statistics to test theories ◦ Superiority over conclusions from astrology, palm-reading, etc. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

5. The Zodiac Does the Barnum Effect explain some of the appeal of astrology? Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

6. Correlation

7. Where do personality theories come from? Deductive approach Inductive approach Concepts borrowed from other disciplines Combination (most theories utilize all of these) Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

8. Induction and Deduction Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

9. Preview of the Perspectives Psychoanalytic Neo-analytic Cognitive Biological Behavioral Trait Humanistic Person-situation interaction Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

10. A Brief History of Personality Psychology Theater and self-presentation ◦ “All the world’s a stage and all the men and women are merely players” -- William Shakespeare ◦ The relative self Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

11. A Brief History of Personality Psychology Religion ◦ Eastern philosophies and religions  consciousness  self-fulfillment Renaissance philosophers ◦ Mind-body debate ◦ Nature of consciousness Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

12. A Brief History of Personality Psychology Evolutionary biology ◦ Charles Darwin ◦ Adaptive value ◦ People are subject to the laws of nature ◦ Animal personality Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

13. A Brief History of Personality Psychology Testing ◦ Wartime testing (World War I) ◦ Intelligence testing Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

14. A Brief History of Personality Psychology Modern theory ◦ Gordon Allport  Examined the underlying organization of each individual’s personality ◦ Kurt Lewin  Gestalt psychology ◦ Henry Murray  “Personology”  Longitudinal designs Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

15. A Brief History of Personality Psychology Modern theory ◦ Clark Hull  Learning theorist ◦ B. F. Skinner  Behaviorist ◦ Margaret Mead  Anthropologist who highlighted the importance of cross-cultural comparisons Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

16. Some Basic Issues What is the importance of the unconscious? What is the self? Does each individual require a unique approach? ◦ nomothetic vs. idiographic Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

17. Some Basic Issues Are there differences between men and women? The person versus the situation To what extent is personality culturally determined? Is personality a useful concept? Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

18. Timeline (early years) Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

19. Timeline (later years) Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.