1. Cells, Transcription and translation, Mitosis

2. The organelle that looks like a stack of pancakes, it modifies sorts and packages molecules the cell makes for export Golgi Body (apparatus)

3. Storage place for food, wastes, enzymes Vacuole

4. Contains genetic information and controls the cell’s activity Nucleus

5. Membrane system which modifies and transports molecules made on its attached ribosomes Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

6. Phospholipid and protein bilayer that surrounds all cells and controls which molecules enter or leave the cell Cell membrane

7. Sac of digestive enzymes that breaks down food or unwanted cell parts lysosome

8. Membrane that surrounds the genetic material and controls what enters and leaves the nucleus Nuclear envelope

9. Dark spot in the nucleus of non-dividing cell where RNA for ribosomes is made nucleolus

10. Network of microtubules and microfilaments that give the cell shape and support and help in movement cytoskeleton

11. Many short hairlike structures made of microtubules that are attached to the outside of cells cilia

12. Small structures free in the cytoplasm or attached to the ER ribosomes

13. Gel like material which contains organelles found between the cell membrane and nuclear membrane cytoplasm

14. Network of membranes without attached ribosomes Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum

15. Small internal structure within the cell that carries out a specific job organelle

16. What are the 2 classes of nucleic acids? DNA and RNA

17. What does DNA stand for Deoxyribonucleic acid

18. What does RNA stand for Ribonucleic acid

19. What is different between RNA and DNA? DNA uses deoxyribose in stead of Ribose DNA has Thymine instead of Uracil DNA is double Stranded instead of single stranded

20. What type of bond can be found between nitrogen bases in DNA? Hydrogen bonds

21. What does A bind with in RNA? U

22. What does C bind with? G

23. In DNA what does T bind with? A

24. What are the 3 types of RNA? Messenger Transfer Ribosomal

25. What 3 components make up a nucleotide? Nitrogen base 5 carbon sugar phosphate

26. Which bases are Purines? (Double-ringed) Adenine Guanine

27. Which nitrogen bases are Pyrimidines? (single rings) Cytosine Thymine Uracil

28. Which parts of the nucleotides make up the backbone of DNA/RNA? Sugars and phosphates

29. Which part of the nucleotide makes up the “rungs” of the DNA ladder? Nitrogen base

30. Nucleic acids are built from nucleotides

31. What is the name of the protein that DNA wraps around? histone

32. What type of RNA combines with proteins to make ribosomes? ribosomal

33. What type of RNA matches its anticodon to the codon on the mRNA? transfer

34. What type of RNA carries the code from DNA to the cytoplasm? Messenger

35. What enzyme uses DNA as a template and makes an RNA copy of it? RNA polymerase

36. What tells RNA polymerase where to start? The promoter

37. What must happen to the mRNA before it can leave the nucleus? It must be edited

38. What is the part of the mRNA that is cut out? intron

39. What part of the mRNA is coded for? exon

40. An mRNA message grouped in 3’s Codon

41. What part of tRNA matches the codon? Anticodon

42. What does the mRNA attach to in the cytoplasm? Ribosome

43. What does the tRNA bring to the mRNA? An amino acid

44. Amino acids have what type of bonds between them? peptide

45. Another name for a protein chain Polypeptide

46. DNA to RNA transcription

47. RNA to protein translation

48. Where does transcription happen nucleus

49. Where does translation happen? cytoplasm

50. What are the 3 phases of interphase? G1, S, G2

51. Which phase in the cell cycle do cells spend the most time? interphase

52. Which part of interphase is DNA copied in? S

53. Which part of interphase makes new organelles? G1

54. During which part of interphase are proteins made? G2

55. What is the first stage of mitosis? Prophase

56. Which phase do chromosomes line up in the center of the cell? Metaphase

57. Which phase do chromosomes coil, astrid rays appear and the nuclear envelope disappear? Prophase

58. Which phase do the chromosomes separate and move to opposite sides of the cell? Anaphase

59. Which part of the cell cycle divides the cytoplasm? cytokinesis

60. Which phase do chromosomes unwind and the nuclear membrane reforms? Telophase

61. Be able to identify the parts of the cell Be able to identify the stages of mitosis