1. Prenatal Development Fertilization : Union of a sperm cell w/ an ovum. ~Fertilization takes place in the upper 1/3 of the fallopian tube. Zygote : Fertilized union, egg and sperm unite. ~Once zygote is formed, a protective membrane around it prevents more sperm from entering ovum. ~Zygote begins its journey to uterus and begins cell division. ~Once cell division has begun, zygote is now a blastocyst. Blastocyst : a cluster of cells that has a hollow space in the center. ~7-8 days later the blastocyst has traveled to the uterus and implanted into the wall of uterus. ~This is called Implantation. ~ After implantation, the blastocyst becomes an embryo.

2. Embryonic Development Embryo : Cluster of developing cells following implantation. Amniotic Sac: Bag of water, fluid filled sac around the embryo. ~Function- Is a shock absorber that protects the embryo. Placenta : Blood rich tissue developed from outer layer of cells from the embryo and tissue of mother. ~Function- Transfer oxygen and nutrients from mother’s blood to embryo also serves as lungs, liver, kidneys, and digestive system for fetus. Umbilical cord : A tube through which nutrients and oxygen pass from the mother’s blood to embryo’s blood. This tube connects the embryo to the placenta. DEVELOPMENT STAGES: Ova> Zygote> Blastocyst> Embryo> Fetus> Baby

3. Vocabulary Fetal Alcohol Syndrome(FAS): 3 main features- mental retardation, slow growth before and after birth, and a wide range of physical defects ranging from cleft palate to hip dislocation Apgar Test: test that determines an infants’ physical condition at birth. ~Tests in 5 areas- coloring, pulse, reflex irritability, activity, respiration. Miscarriage: Spontaneous abortion, in which a female expels the embryo or fetus. Stillbirth: The birth of a dead baby.

4.  Shaken Baby Syndrome: form of child abuse that occurs when an infant or small child is violently shaken.  Two injuries: Cerebral Hemorrhage & Cerebral Edema  70% of perpetrators of Shaken baby syndrome are males.  Cerebral Edema: Massive brain swelling caused by Shaken Baby Syndrome