1. Anth 324 10 February 2009 The Cultural Construction of Gender and Personhood Question: Can we examine real gender roles and relations by examining language? Or does examining personality tell us what is important about gender? Discuss with respect to the readings

2. Mascia-Lees and Black “The Psychological Orientation”: a focus on personality and behaviour as the critical elements to study - derives from Freud, although feminist versions often reject him - Chodorow rejects biological basis, instead seeing how culture (especially child-rearing) shapes personality - social learning theory: more flexible, looking for how girls and boys are enculturated into gendered behaviours - third gender categories: their existence suggests evidence against a “biology is destiny” argument - wide variation

3. Mascia-Lees and Black “Discourse analysis and sociolinguistic orientations”: assume language is constitutive of reality and is what should be studied. - Foucault: - how does language constitute reality? - what are the dominant discourses? - how do these discourses affect people’s sense of themselves? - what is the relationship to the distribution of power and privilege? - note that the notion that Foucault felt uncomfortable with labels (such as homosexuality) as categorizing and containing people also made him unlikely to promote counterdiscourses; rather, counterdiscourses can indicate the exercise of power - importance of acts of resistance to be able to diagnose power

4. Mascia-Lees and Black, chapter 7, continued - feminist examples: Emily Martin, Rayna Rapp: class, race, ethnicity, body - Sociolinguistics: examining language to uncover realities

5. Gilmore: “My encounter with machismo in Spain” - what kind of theoretical approach is he using? - what type of data does he analyse? - what kinds of interpretations does he make from them? - what does he say about Andalusian masculinity? - what do you think would be an interesting question about this case?

6. Watson “The Named and Nameless” - what kind of theoretical approach is she using? - what type of data does she analyse? - what kinds of interpretations does she make from them? - what does she say about what women’s names are like compared to men’s? How does this affect women? - what do you think would be an interesting question about this case?

7. McElhinny “Gender and the Stories Pittsburgh Police Officers Tell About using Physical Force” - what kind of theoretical approach is she using? - what type of data does she analyse? - what kinds of interpretations does she make from them? - what does she say about the gender roles that are promoted in the Pittsburgh police force? What are the effects on police women? - what do you think would be an interesting question about this case?

8. Herdt “Rituals of Manhood” - what kind of theoretical approach is he using? - what type of data does he analyse? - what kinds of interpretations does he make from them? - what is his main finding? -what do you think would be an interesting question about this case? -Next; course websiteNextcourse website