1. INSTILLING THE CULTURE OF DIALOGUE IN HIGHER EDUCATION IAU Conference on Intercultural Dialogue, Louaize, November 4 – 6, 2009 Sjur Bergan, Council of Europe

2. INTERCULTURAL DIALOGUE Open and respectful exchange of views between individuals, groups with different ethnic, cultural, religious and linguistic backgrounds and heritage on the basis of mutual understanding and respect. Open and respectful exchange of views between individuals, groups with different ethnic, cultural, religious and linguistic backgrounds and heritage on the basis of mutual understanding and respect. –(Council of Europe White Paper Living together as Equals in Dignity (2008))

3. FRAMES OF MIND “Dark Ages”… “Dark Ages”… “Dark Continent”… “Dark Continent”… History of the Americas beginning in 1492… History of the Americas beginning in 1492… “stranger” = “strange”… “stranger” = “strange”… … or cultural enrichment through learning opportunities … or cultural enrichment through learning opportunities …recognition of cultural diversity as an intrinsic value? …recognition of cultural diversity as an intrinsic value?

4. HIGHER EDUCATION International in origin International in origin Ideas assessed on their intrinsic merit Ideas assessed on their intrinsic merit Progress made by challenging received ideas Progress made by challenging received ideas Hence particularly fluent in intercultural dialogue? Hence particularly fluent in intercultural dialogue?

5. WHY HIGHER EDUCATION? Preparation for the labor market Preparation for the labor market Preparation for democratic citizenship Preparation for democratic citizenship Personal development Personal development Development and maintenance of a broad, advanced knowledge base Development and maintenance of a broad, advanced knowledge base

6. KNOWLEDGE ONLY?.. or rather:.. or rather: –Knowledge –Understanding –Ability to act –Attitudes? Higher education helping develop better human beings (liberal education)? Higher education helping develop better human beings (liberal education)? Education more than the sums of one’s knowledge Education more than the sums of one’s knowledge Universities more than the sum of their individual academic disciplines. Universities more than the sum of their individual academic disciplines.

7. A PRACTICE OF DIALOGUE On campus On campus –Learning, and not only teaching –Across disciplines –Make foreign faculty and staff a part of the academic community Beyond campus Beyond campus –In the local community –Raising awareness in broader society –Higher education as a voice for values

8. HIGHER EDUCATION COMPETENCES Subject specific and generic Subject specific and generic –Ability to look at an issue from various angles –Being aware of sensitivities and pitfalls –Recognize the inherent dignity of others –Understanding ≠ accepting everything –Foreign language = different perspective We are good at training subject specialists We are good at training subject specialists Are we also good at educating intellectuals? Are we also good at educating intellectuals?

9. COMPETENCES FOR DIALOGUE Not automatic: need to be acquired and maintained Not automatic: need to be acquired and maintained Knowledge and understanding of other cultures and languages – not only for specialists Knowledge and understanding of other cultures and languages – not only for specialists Multiperspectivity Multiperspectivity Understand what one does not know Understand what one does not know –Education: that which discloses to the wise and disguises from the foolish their lack of understanding (Ambrose Bierce: Devil’s Dictionary)

10. WHAT KIND OF EDUCATION? The answer to the question “what kind of education do we need?” is to be found in the answer to another question: “what kind of society do we want?” The answer to the question “what kind of education do we need?” is to be found in the answer to another question: “what kind of society do we want?” (Eugenio Tironi: El sueño chileno (2005))