1. RECTIFICATION

2. X-RAY CIRCUIT

3. Whenever the art of medicine is loved, there is also love for humanity
Whenever the art of medicine is loved, there is also love for humanity Hippocrates

4. RECTIFICATION
PROCESS BY WHICH ALTERNATING CURRENT IS CHANGED TO PULSATING DIRECT CURRENT

5. A/C GENERATOR A/C CURRENT 1 PHASE
A/C ( UNRECTIFIED)- FREQUENCY 60 Hz

6. 60 POSITIVE PULSES/SEC
60 NEGATIVE PULSES/SEC

7. 60 POSITIVE
PULSES
60 NEGATIVE
PULSES
120 PULSES
60 FULL CYCLES

8. D/C GENERATOR D/C PULSATING CURRENT

9. Pulsating D/C vs A/C How an Electric Generator Works

10. BATTERY – CURRENT OUTPUT
STEADY D/C

11. A/C vs Steady D/C rectification

12. D/C HALF WAVE RECTIFIED
D/C HALF-WAVE – 60 POSITIVE PULSES/SEC
NEGATIVE PULSES ARE SUPPRESSED
1 PULSE/CYCLE

13. D/C FULL WAVE RECTIFIED
D/C HALF-WAVE – 120 POSITIVE PULSES/SEC
2 PULSES/CYCLE

14. THREE PHASE POWER

15. D/C -3 PHASE 6 PULSE CURRENT
D/C 3 PHASE 6 PULSE – 6 PULSES/CYCLE

16. D/C 3 PHASE 12 PULSE – 12 PULSES/CYCLE

17. DIODES OR VALVE TUBES HELP RECTIFY A/C CURRENT
ELECTRONS
DIODE
VALVE TUBE

18. VALVE TUBE

19. DIODE

21. X-RAY TUBE FORWARD BIAS

22. REVERSE BIAS + - NO
X-RAY

23. FORWARD vs REVERSE

24. RECTIFICATION TYPES HALF-WAVE FULL WAVE THREE PHASE SIX PULSE
THREE PHASE TWELVE PULSE
HIGH FREQUENCY SINGLE PHASE

25. RECTIFICATION – I PHASE
NO RECTIFICATION
HALF-WAVE
FULL-WAVE

26. THREE PHASE POWER

27. 3 PHASE RECTIFICATION

28. 3 PHASE RECTIFICATION

29. HIGH FREQUENCY RECTIFICATION

30. HALF-WAVE RECTIFICATION

31. HALF-WAVE RECTIFICATION

32. FULL-WAVE RECTIFICATION

33. FULL-WAVE RECTIFICATION

34. FULL-WAVE RECTIFICATION

36. 3 PHASE 6 PULSE

37. 3 PHASE 12 PULSE

38. HIGH FREQUENCY

39. RIPPLE

40. VOLTAGE RIPPLE HALF WAVE------------------- 100%
FULL WAVE %
3 PHASE 6 PULSE %
3 PHASE 12 PULSE %
HIGH FREQUENCY <1%

41. RIPPLE
200%
100%
100%

42. RIPPLE-3 PHASE
13%

43. RIPPLE-HIGH FREQUENCY
<1%

44. Home-made x-ray apparatus

45. CHECKING FAILURE OF RECTIFICATION SYSTEM
SPINNING TOP TEST – 1 PHASE EQUIPMENT
SYNCHRONOUS SPINNING TOP TEST-
3 PHASE WITH LONGER EXPOSURE TIMES
OSCILLOSCOPE- 3 PHASE EQUIPMENT WITH SHORT EXPOSURE TIMES

46. SPINNING TOP TEST

48. RESULT OF SPINNING TOP TEST- 1 PHASE - DASHES

49. HALF- WAVE RECTIFICATION
# OF DASHES = TIME (SEC) x 60 PULSES

50. FULL- WAVE RECTIFICATION
# OF DASHES = TIME (SEC) x 120 PULSES

51. RESULT OF SYNCHRONOUS SPINNING TOP TEST-3PHASE ARC

52. 3 PHASE RECTIFICATION- LONGER EXPOSURE TIME
DEG. OF ARC = 360°/ sec x TIME (sec)

53. UTILIZING OSCILLOSCOPE

54. UTILIZING OSCILLOSCOPE RECTIFIED SYSTEM