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DNA in the Cell Inside the nucleus are ______________, which house DNA Chromosome made from _____________________. Coils DNA so it can ____________ into a cell Each chromosome consists of __________________ called ____________________ Center of the chromosome is called the ___________
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Number & Types of Chromosomes Sex chromosomes determine the sex of an organism XX = _____________ XY = _____________ All other chromosomes are called _______________ Homologous Chromosomes Each organism gets _________ of each autosome;___from mom and ___ from dad (___ total) chromosomes; ______ pairs in humans)Each organism gets _________ of each autosome;___from mom and ___ from dad (___ total) chromosomes; ______ pairs in humans) Each 2 paired chromosomes are called _____________________chromosomesEach 2 paired chromosomes are called _____________________chromosomes Homologous chromosomes carry ___________ for the ______________________Homologous chromosomes carry ___________ for the ______________________
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Homologous Chromosomes
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Diploid & Haploid Cells Diploid Cells Cells with _____copies of each chromosome Haploid Cells Cells with ______ copy of each chromosome Most cells in the body are ________________ Sex cells (sperm & egg) are _________________
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Diploid & Haploid Cells
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Why Do Cells Divide? 1.Get _________________ (take in more nutrients than they can metabolize) 2._____________________ Need replacement 3.Surface to volume ratio; _______________ volume, _______________________________ When do cells divide? Depends on the ____________________ (days, weeks, months, some never divide) Cell Cycle Cells will _________________________
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Cell Division in Prokaryotes Prokaryote _________________________________ Binary Fission _________________, cell doubles in size and _________________
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Stages of Cell Cycle in Eukaryotes Interphase Growth Phase G1(Gap 1) rapid ___________________ + synthesis of organellesG1(Gap 1) rapid ___________________ + synthesis of organelles S (Synthesis) Replication _________________S (Synthesis) Replication _________________ G2 (Gap 2) -> Formation of ________________ + preparation for _______________G2 (Gap 2) -> Formation of ________________ + preparation for _______________ Mitosis DNA, which has been replicated needs to be _________________ to each new cell
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Stages of Mitosis Prophase Chromatin _________ (chromosomes) & nucleus __________ Spindle fibers (microtubules) ________& move chromosomes Metaphase Spindles align chromosomes in the ______________________ Anaphase Centromeres divide and sister ______________________ Chromatids move ______________________________ Telophase Chromosomes arrive at _______________________________ Nucleus ____________________ Spindle ____________________ Cell splits (_________________)
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Stages of Mitosis
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Cytokinesis Animal Cell _________________ pinches one cell into 2 cells Plant Cell ______________ makes new cell wall; _________________
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Mitosis Animation
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Additional Mitosis Vocabulary G 0 Phase Cell is neither _____________________ Centrioles Ropes that ________________ around the cell
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Difference Between Plant Cell & Animal Cell Mitosis Plant cells are surrounded by a tough outer case called a __________________Plant cells are surrounded by a tough outer case called a __________________ Animal cells are surrounded by a soft outer case called a ________________________Animal cells are surrounded by a soft outer case called a ________________________ The first __________ of mitosis in plant and animal cells are the sameThe first __________ of mitosis in plant and animal cells are the sameTelophase Animal Cell Formation of a __________________________ Plant Cell Formation of ________
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Meiosis Vocabulary Diploid Cells cells with _________________ of chromosome (___ from mom and _____ from dad) n= number of ____ of chromosomes Diploid Cells = _____ Zygote = ________________ Gametes= __________ sex cells Fertilization= union of _________________ Sexual Reproduction Parents generate __________________________
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Meiosis Getting from diploid to haploid cells: _______________ Where does it occur in humans? Males _____________ Females __________
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Meiosis Overview Meiosis I Diploid cells splits into ___Diploid cells splits into ______________________ Meiosis II 2 haploid daughter cells 2 haploid daughter cells______________________ Forms ___________ sex cellsForms ___________ sex cells Same as _____________Same as _____________
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Meiosis I Prophase I Homologous chromosomes pair together (called ____________________) Each homologous pair of chromosomes is called a ___________________ Some ______________________ break off and attach to adjacent homologous chromatids (_________________________________) Crossing Over creates new genetic combinations Metaphase I Homologous chromosomes line up in the _________________ of the cell Anaphase I Homologous ______________________ move to opposite poles of the cell Random separation of homologous chromosomes is called Independent Assortment Telophase I Chromosomes reach opposite ____________________ of the cell _______________________ begins
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Meiosis I
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Meiosis II 2 ____________________ go through the process of mitosis & cell division End result of meiosis II is ______________________ Gamete Formation In males meiosis creates _____ sperm cells (called ______________________) In females the cytoplasm is ___________ divided so that only ____ big cell is formed, along with _____ other ____________________
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Meiosis II
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Meiosis Animation
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