1. Warm-Up List as many steps as you can (in order) for the scientific Method. Get out your Dimensional Analysis WS. If you are not turning it in, fill out a yellow sheet. Once I check you off, you may turn in your paper. Homework

2. Objective Improve an experiment to obtain more meaningful results.

3. Agenda Scientific Method Review Investigations & Experiments Lab

4. SCIENTIFIC METHOD There are 7 steps to the scientific method:

5. 1. Problem/Question Develop a question or problem that can be solved through experimentation. Example: – Does the amount of sugar used in a recipe impact the size of the bread?

6. 2. Observation/Research Make observations and research your topic of interest. Make observations and research your topic of interest. Example: Example: – Research baking, fermentation, and how bread rises.

7. 3. Formulate a Hypothesis Predict a possible answer to the problem or question. Predict a possible answer to the problem or question. Example: Example: – If more sugar is added, then the bread will rise higher.

8. 4. Design Your Experiment Develop and follow a procedure. Include a detailed materials list. The outcome must be quantifiable (measurable). Develop and follow a procedure. Include a detailed materials list. The outcome must be quantifiable (measurable). Example: Example: – Bake several loaves of bread using the same recipe, but altering the amount of sugar. – Generate a table to organize how much sugar was used and resulting bread size.

9. 5. Collect & Analyze Data Collect and Analyze Results: Modify the procedure if needed. Collect and Analyze Results: Modify the procedure if needed. – Confirm the results by retesting. Include tables, graphs, and photographs. Example: Example: – Plot a graph or chart indicating sugar amount and bread rise. – Sample data – no significant change in size with amount of sugar.

10. 6. Conclusion Include a statement that accepts or rejects the hypothesis. Make recommendations for further study and possible improvements to the procedure. Include a statement that accepts or rejects the hypothesis. Make recommendations for further study and possible improvements to the procedure. Example: Example: – Reject hypothesis that more sugar increases bread size. – Further testing – alter amount of yeast or flour.

11. 7. Communicate the Results Be prepared to present the project to an audience. Expect questions from the audience. Be prepared to present the project to an audience. Expect questions from the audience. Example: Example: – Present your findings in class as a presentation. – Create a poster and present at scientific convention. – Publish an article in a scientific journal.

12. SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS AND EXPERIMENTS LAB What makes an experiment “good”?

13. Background You will be testing the speed of your car at different speeds. Materials: – Wooden car – Stand with ramp – 2 photogates – A and B – Timer

14. Ramp Setup When you get to your station, you will place your ramp at the hole indicated by the station sign. – Station 1 – you will screw your ramp into the first hole. – Station 2 – you will screw your ramp into the second hole.

15. Photogates Place one photogate towards the top of the ramp, and the other somewhere below it. The photogate at the top is Photogate A. The photogate at the bottom is Photogate B Once you have completed this step. Stop what you are doing and wait for other groups to be setup.

17. Cars Make sure the bolt is underneath the ramp, and the “wing” will pass through the photogate. DO NOT UNSCREW THE BOLT FROM THE CAR. The bolt is designed to catch on a stopper on the ramp to prevent it from falling off.

18. Other Notes Read all of the information on your lab protocol. Follow the directions carefully. In the space below SECTION 1 B, create a table indicating the ramp angle and the speed you recorded. YOU MUST COMPARE YOUR DATA IN PART 1 QUESTION C.

19. Findings Which group had the fastest time? Was that the result you expected? Why/Why Not? Was the speed of their car a direct result of the ramp angle?

20. Review of Significant Figures How many significant figures are there in each of the following examples? – 3.4 – 0.056 – 1.0000 – 120000 – 120000.

21. PART 2 & PART 3 Work with your group through Parts 2 & 3 of the lab

22. Lab Discussion What is a variable? Why is it important to only change 1 variable at a time in an experiment? How did we utilize the scientific method? – Did we use all 7 steps?

23. Addition/Subtraction Key Idea: Look for term with the fewest digits AFTER the decimal Examples: – 2.7+3.566 = ________ – 5.06 – 1.0 = ________ – 5.555 + 1.02 = ______

24. Multiplication/Division Key Idea: Look for the term with the fewest number of significant figures: Examples: – 5.6 x 1 = _____ – 2.98 x 5.6 = _____ – 90/5.6 = ______

25. Sig Fig WS You have the rest of class to work on the Sig Fig WS or correct it if you turned it in last class.