1. Module 2-C Vehicles
Generally characterized as either being passenger or freight
Freight equipment is hauled primarily with diesel locomotives
Passenger vehicles are usually locomotive hauled or self- propelled.

2. Freight Car Types Box Cars Open Hoppers Closed Hoppers Gondolas
Great decals DRGW_13386

3. Freight Car Types Intermodal Specialty Auto racks
boeing blogs .com 38-4[1]
Reddit.com Union-Pacific-Autoflex[1]

4. Self-Propelled Locomotive Hauled
Passenger Vehicles
Self-Propelled
Locomotive Hauled

5. Self Propelled Vehicles Street Cars
Small narrow vehicles that tend to mingle with automotive traffic
Predominantly electrically powered
lightrail now phi-lrv-rte11_rtt[1]
urban one.com Portland_streetcar[1]

6. Self Propelled Vehicles Light Rail Vehicles (LRVs)
Larger articulated vehicles than street cars
Stops (stations) are slightly further apart
Tend to be separated from street traffic
Predominantly electrically powered
DSCF5555[1]
normal_Baltimore_LRV_01[1]

7. Self Propelled Vehicles Diesel Multiple Units (DMUs)
Multiple unit train powered by onboard diesel engines
Power transmission
Diesel-mechanical
Diesel-hydraulic
Diesel-electric
High acceleration due to distributed tractive effort
Suitable for routes with closely spaced stations
Better availability based on redundancy of systems

8. Self Propelled Vehicles Diesel Multiple Units (DMUs)
Gtw_riverline[1]
UPXatMimico[1]
NJT River Line Metrolinx Colorado Rail Car
_d5aabb190d[1]

9. Self Propelled Vehicles Electrical Multiple Units (EMUs)
Multiple Unit train utilizing electric power
Usually consists of two or more semi-permanently coupled vehicles
High acceleration based on distributed adhesion
Can be dual mode AC-DC or AC-Diesel
Suitable for routes with closely spaced stations
Better availability based on redundancy of systems

10. Self Propelled Vehicles Electrical Multiple Units (EMUs)
subchat.com _37264a8a14_b[1]
normal_080715_1398[1]
NJT Arrow III
SEPTA SLV
Metro North M-8

11. Locomotive Hauled Electric
Overhead catenary powered
Multiple Voltages 25kV/60 Hz, 12kV/25 Hz, 12.5 kV/60 Hz
High Power (ex. 6.4MW/8600HP)
AC 3 Phase Motors – IGBT Converter
320 kN / 72,000 lbs of Tractive Effort
Max. Speed – 125mph
Head End Power (HEP) 1000 kVA, 3ph, 480 V/60 Hz

12. Locomotive Hauled Electric

13. Locomotive Hauled Electric
SEPTA AEM-7
AMTRAK ACS-64
NJT ALP-46
MARC HHP-8

14. Locomotive Hauled Diesel
Diesel Electric (diesel engine coupled to alternator)
HP to 4600hp
2 cycle and 4 cycle models
Medium speed and High speed engines
Increased emission requirements (ex. Tier IV)

15. Diesel Locomotive Schematic

16. Locomotive Hauled Diesel
subchat.com PL42AC_4012_Bound_Brook[1]
2001 shipper from Boise
MBTA HSP-46
NJT PL-42
Amtrak P-40

17. Locomotive Hauled Dual Power
Used where diesel is prohibited
Provides service to urban and rural areas
750 Vdc and Diesel
OH Catenary and Diesel (25kV/60 Hz, 12kV/25 Hz, kV/60 Hz)

18. Locomotive Hauled Commuter
Transit agencies including NJT, SEPTA, MARC, MBTA, MNR, LIRR, etc.
Push pull operation (locomotive at one end and a cab car at the other)
railroad.net normal_2308b[1]
rooshvforum.com 1115-mbta-mt1[1]

19. Locomotive Hauled Intercity
AMTRAK Service
Electric locomotives (AEM-7, HHP, ACS 64)
Diesel locomotives (P-40)
Dual Power (P-32)
Acela Power Car
123mobilewallpapers.com amtrak-train-mountains_wallpaper[1]

20. Trucks (Bogies)
Structure beneath vehicle that accommodates the wheels and axles
Provide suspension, propulsion, and braking
Many types of applications
Inboard Bearing
Outboard Bearing
2 or 3 axle
Chevron, coil, and leaf spring suspensions

21. Trucks (Bogies) Siemens.com SOICRL201208-03_072dpi[1]
NJ TRANSIT ML TRUCK

22. Brakes Pneumatically operated systems Regenerative Systems
Based on the Westinghouse air brake system.
air reservoirs are provided on every vehicle
the train pipe is charged with a positive air pressure from air compressor
Vehicle brakes are released and air reservoirs are charged
Engineer applies brakes by venting train pipe (ie brake pipe)

23. Brakes
Pneumatically controlled systems (George Westinghouse design)

24. Brakes
Control limited by the speed of air sometimes resulting in train handling issues
Braking effort is usually through pneumatically actuated tread brake blocks

25. Brakes
ECP Upgrade
Electronically controlled pneumatic brakes (ECP) eliminates the time delay associated with standard air systems

26. Brakes
Each car is fitted with a ECP manifold and is controlled by a ECP trainline
Advantages of ECP brake systems
Less coupler wear
Less track wear
Less brake shoe wear
Reduced stopping distances

27. Regenerative Brake System

28. Brakes Tread Brake Units (TBUs)
Brake Block is applied to wheel tread
Pneumatically operated with mechanical advantage
Parking brake may be an integral part

29. Brakes Inboard Discs Inboard of the wheel bearings
Brake pad applied to disc
Provide more braking effort than TBUs
Better heat dissipation
Removes the chance of “blueing” a wheel
Easier for maintenance

30. Brakes Outboard Discs
Brake disc is attached to the outside of the wheel
Used as a supplement to TBUs
Allows easy access for maintenance and inspection
Can be a challenge for clearance

31. Brakes Track Brakes Used primarily on street cars and LRVs
Application of braking shoes directly to the track
Current is applied to strong electromagnet coils within the shoes.

32. HVAC Split Systems are being phased out
Overhead modular units are becoming prominent
Compressors are becoming smaller
Hermetically sealed
New refrigerants to replace R-22

33. Microprocessor Systems
Almost all systems are microprocessor controlled
Propulsion Brakes
Low Voltage Power Supply Battery Charger
Monitoring and Diagnostics HVAC
Doors
Communications
Lighting

34. Digital Communications
Data trainline network (DTN)
Data Car Network (DCN)
Train to wayside communications
Car level diagnostics
Train Level diagnostics
Bench test equipment

35. Materials
Traditional Materials - Carbon Steel, Aluminum and Stainless Steel
Progression to more sophisticated materials such as carbon fiber, honeycomb composite panels
Use of 3d printed materials is just being evaluated
Materials need to meet stringent smoke, flame and toxicity requirements

36. Materials Monocoque Carbodys
Platform vs. Monocoque
Monocoque structures utilized for load capacity and weight requirements

37. Materials Composites
Composites used in components requiring complex shapes such as end bonnets, body cladding, HV protection panels, etc.

38. Materials CEM CEM is a requirement in latest standards
Protection of occupied spaces including the engineer are paramount
Methods for CEM include
Shear back couplers
Collapsible elements utilizing honeycomb materials
Weakening of specific structural elements to control progressive deformation
Seat compartmentalization

39. CEM

40. CEM

41. CEM

42. CEM Seat Compartmentalization

43. Passenger Accessibility
US vehicles need to comply to 49 CFR part 38
Horizontal and Vertical gaps addressed for platforms
Audio requirements for the visually impaired
Visibility requirements (stair treads, destination signs, etc.)
Passenger emergency Intercoms PEIs
Access for mobility devices

44. Passenger Accessibility Door Configurations
Single leaf, bi-parting, plug, pocket, traps

45. Passenger Accessibility Floor Heights
Commuter Platform height (52” from top of rail)
Trap door access
70% low floor
100% low floor

46. Rail Vehicles encompass all of the engineering sciences
Dynamics
Thermodynamics
Heat Transfer
Mechanics of Materials
Fluid mechanics
Power
Control systems
Physics

47. Thank You
Questions

48. James Martin P.E., P.M.P.