1. M7.2 VAN, TURKEY EARTHQUAKE (with epicenter in Tabanli) PART 1: DAMAGE AND INITIAL SEARCH AND RESCUE Dr. Walter Hays Global Alliance For Disaster Reduction

2. THE TECTONIC SETTING DIFFERENT FROM THAT OF THE 1999 KOCALEI EARTHQUAKE

3. OCCURRENCE IN A CONTINENTAL COLLISION ZONE 1:41 PM (6:41 AM EDT) EPICENTER: TABANLI (10 KM FROM VAN CITY) OCTOBER 23, 2011

4. LOCATION

6. A REVERSE FAULT

7. A REVERSE FAULT WITH A SHALLOW FOCAL DEPTH THE DEPTH OF THE EARTHQUAKE WAS RELATIVELY SHALLOW [(20 KM (12 MI)] AND, THEREFORE, MORE DESTRUCTIVE

8. THE PROBLEM: BUILDING INVENTORY IS VULNERABLE TO GROUND SHAKING H undreds of thousands of soft-storey buildings having the same height and construction materials exist throughout Turkey.

9. PRELIMINARY DAMAGE REPORTS Tabanli,Van, and Ercis hit hard Many COLLAPSED BUILDINGS WITH TRAPPED SURVIVORS POSSIBLY 1,000 DEAD URGENT NEED FOR MEDICS

11. THE SITUATION REQUIRED URGENT SEARCH AND RESCUE OPERATIONS IN TIMES LIKE THESE,YOU HAVE TO USE THE EXISTING RESOURCES

12. SEARCH AND RESCUE IS AN URGENT OPERATION WITH A “GOLDEN PERIOD” OF 24-48 HOURS AFTER THE GOLDEN PERIOD, THE LIKELIHOOD OF A LIVE RESCUE DECREASES RAPIDLY

13. OCTOBER 23: ALTHOUGH HINDERED BY AFTERSHOCKS AND NIGHTFALL, THE INITIAL SEARCH AND RESCUE EFFORTS, WERE DONE BY FAMILY MEMBERS AND BYSTANDERS,

14. PARTIAL COLLAPSEES

15. COLLAPSE: VAN CITY

17. ERCIS: FAMILY MEMBERS PERFORM SEARCH AND RESCUE

18. INSTANTANEOUS SEARCH AND RESCUE EFFORTS

19. TABANLI: BYSTANDERS PULL PEOPLE FROM THE RUBBLE

20. BYSTANDERS PULLED PEOPLE FROM THE RUBBLE

21. ERCIS: COLLAPSE

22. ERCIS: SEARCH AND RESCUE

23. TENTS BEING DISTRIBUTED BY RED CRESCENT SOCIETY

24. ERCIS: NO POWER

25. SEARCH AND RESCUE

26. M7.2 VAN, TURKEY EARTHQUAKE PART 2: DAMAGE AND SEARCH AND RESCUE WITH HEAVY EQUIPMENT

27. OCTOBER 24: URGENT SEARCH AND RESCUE EFFORTS ACCELERATED WITH USE OF HEAVY EQUIPMENT

28. ERCIS: STANDING AND COLLAPSED BUILDINGS

29. ERCIS: ONE CAN ONLY DO SO MUCH WITH BARE HANDS

30. ERCIS: SEARCH AND RESCUE

32. ERCIS: A RESCUE

34. AS TURKEY IMPLEMENTED ITS S AND R, OFFERS OF INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE POURED IN EXAMPLES: NATO, IRAN, ISRAEL, EUROPEAN COUNTRIES, USA