1. DIFFERENT SECTORS OF THE ECONOMY UNIT 07

2. READING – THE THREE SECTORS OF THE ECONOMY, RB p 20 What is the purpose of different sectors of the economy? What is the purpose of different sectors of the economy? Read the text and find out. Read the text and find out. Then complete the notes that follow. Then complete the notes that follow.

3. THE PURPOSE  PRIMARY SECTOR (e.g. m_________, a_________, f_________, f_________ and q _________) involves e_________ natural r_________, i.e. r_________ materials which are used in the m_________ process. f_________, f_________ and q _________) involves e_________ natural r_________, i.e. r_________ materials which are used in the m_________ process.  SECONDARY SECTOR (e.g. m________ and c_________) involves t________ raw materials into c_________) involves t________ raw materials into p_________-finished or f________ products. p_________-finished or f________ products.  TERTIARY SECTOR (e.g. t_________, t_________, c_________ b_________, i_________, a_________, r_________ etc.) involves the commercial s_________ that help industry produce and distribute goods to the final consumer and direct services such as t_________ and h_________ care.

4. THE PURPOSE  PRIMARY SECTOR (e.g. mining, agriculture, forestry, fishing and quarrying) involves extracting forestry, fishing and quarrying) involves extracting natural resources, i.e. raw materials which are natural resources, i.e. raw materials which are used in the manufacturing process. used in the manufacturing process.  SECONDARY SECTOR (e.g. manufacturing and construction) involves turning raw materials into construction) involves turning raw materials into partly-finished or finished products. partly-finished or finished products.  TERTIARY SECTOR (e.g. tourism, trade, commerce, banking, insurance, advertising, retailing etc.) involves the commercial services that help industry produce and distribute goods to the final consumer and direct services such as teaching and health care.

5. QUATERNARY SECTOR providing i_________ and k_________-based services providing i_________ and k_________-based services ICT (i________ and c________ technologies) ICT (i________ and c________ technologies) consultancy (offering a________ to businesses) consultancy (offering a________ to businesses) R&D (r________ and d________, especially in scientific fields) R&D (r________ and d________, especially in scientific fields) broader definitions: news and m________, libraries, u________ and c________ (higher education), and other intellectual services including c________ generally broader definitions: news and m________, libraries, u________ and c________ (higher education), and other intellectual services including c________ generally

6. QUATERNARY SECTOR providing information and knowledge-based services providing information and knowledge-based services ICT (information and communication technologies) ICT (information and communication technologies) consultancy (offering advice to businesses) consultancy (offering advice to businesses) R&D (research and development, especially in scientific fields) R&D (research and development, especially in scientific fields) broader definitions: news and media, libraries, universities and colleges (higher education), and other intellectual services including culture generally broader definitions: news and media, libraries, universities and colleges (higher education), and other intellectual services including culture generally

7. QUATERNARYSECTOR information and knowledge-based services TERTIARY SECTOR provision of services to provision of services to consumers and businesses SECONDARY SECTOR transformation of the raw materials into goods PRIMARY SECTOR extraction of raw materials

8. WHAT’ S THE DIFFERENCE...? BUSINESS BUSINESS COMPANY COMPANY INDUSTRY INDUSTRY RESOURCE ALLOCATION RESOURCE ALLOCATION FIRM FIRM (noun) a business or partnership (noun) a business or partnership (noun) an organization that makes or sells goods and services in order to make a profit. (noun) an organization that makes or sells goods and services in order to make a profit. 1 (uncountable noun) the production, buying and selling goods and services for profit 1 (uncountable noun) the production, buying and selling goods and services for profit 2 (countable noun) a person or organization that produces and sells goods or services 2 (countable noun) a person or organization that produces and sells goods or services

9. WHAT’ S THE DIFFERENCE...? BUSINESS BUSINESS COMPANY COMPANY INDUSTRY INDUSTRY RESOURCE ALLOCATION RESOURCE ALLOCATION FIRM FIRM  (noun phrase) the way that the resources of a country, company, etc. are used for different purposes, and how this is decided.  1 (uncountable noun) the production of raw materials and goods 2 (countable noun) a business that produces a particular type of thing or provides a particular service, e.g. pharmaceutical __________, hotel___________ 2 (countable noun) a business that produces a particular type of thing or provides a particular service, e.g. pharmaceutical __________, hotel___________

10. VOCABULARY – RB, p 22 V Match the definitions of companies with the corresponding industries. V Match the definitions of companies with the corresponding industries. VI Classify the industries under the names of the corresponding sectors of the economy. VI Classify the industries under the names of the corresponding sectors of the economy.

11. OVER TO YOU... Which sector do you intend to work in or do you already work in? Which sector do you intend to work in or do you already work in? How many people in the tertiary sector have you already spoken to today (travelling to college or work, shopping, eating, and so on)? How many people in the tertiary sector have you already spoken to today (travelling to college or work, shopping, eating, and so on)? What about people in the other two sectors? What about people in the other two sectors? When did you last talk to someone who grew or produced food, for example? When did you last talk to someone who grew or produced food, for example?

12. MANUFACTURING AND SERVICES 200 YEARS AGO – the vast majority of virtually every country lived in the countryside and worked in agriculture 200 YEARS AGO – the vast majority of virtually every country lived in the countryside and worked in agriculture TODAY – in ‘the advanced industrialized countries’, only 2-3% of the population earn their living from agriculture TODAY – in ‘the advanced industrialized countries’, only 2-3% of the population earn their living from agriculture ‘THE POST-INDUSTRIAL COUNTRIES’ – growth of service industries and the decline of manufacturing, which is moving to ‘THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES’ ‘THE POST-INDUSTRIAL COUNTRIES’ – growth of service industries and the decline of manufacturing, which is moving to ‘THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES’ Is manufacturing industry important? Is manufacturing industry important? Is its decline in ‘the advanced countries’ inevitable? Is its decline in ‘the advanced countries’ inevitable? Will services adequately replace it? Will services adequately replace it? Two opinions about this follow in the READING AND LISTENING TASK - RB, p 15 Two opinions about this follow in the READING AND LISTENING TASK - RB, p 15

13. EMPLOYMENT TRENDS

14. WRITING – SUMMARY – RB, p 23 After answering the questions in the Resource Bank, let’s summarize Galbraith’s views: J.K.GALBRAITH  People worry about the decline of manufacturing in the advanced industrial countries, because they.......................................................……………………….  ………………………………………………………… are activities which are as important as the production of goods.  We shouldn’t worry about this because it is....................................................

15. HOW ABOUT THIS OPPOSING VIEW? – LISTENING – SENTENCE COMPLETION DENIS MACSHANE Manufacturing has a future because...................................................................................……………………............... Manufacturing has a future because...................................................................................……………………............... Manufacturing has a future in the advanced countries because…………………………………………………, but it is not likely to solve the problem of……………………… Manufacturing has a future in the advanced countries because…………………………………………………, but it is not likely to solve the problem of……………………… The USA is still one of the richest nations in the world because it has a successful............................................., including ……………………….................................................................. The USA is still one of the richest nations in the world because it has a successful............................................., including ……………………….................................................................. GALBRAITH says that manufacturing industry will inevitably…………………………………………………….................... GALBRAITH says that manufacturing industry will inevitably…………………………………………………….................... MACSHANE says that manufacturing will.......................... …………….............................................................................. MACSHANE says that manufacturing will.......................... ……………..............................................................................

16. READING – WHERE DID ALL THE JOBS GO?, RB, p 24 I Read the text and find out about the employment trends globally. trends globally. Take the following steps: a) Read and underline the topic sentences. b) Read the topic and the last sentences. c) Read the whole text paragraph by paragraph.

17. READING – WHERE DID ALL THE JOBS GO?, RB, p 24 II VOCABULARY - Find the words in the text that mean the following: PARAGRAPH 1  whole  production  job PARAGRAPH 2  iron and carbon mix  the central part  stopped PARAGRAPH 3  endangered  to arrange for somebody outside a company to do outside a company to do some work for the company some work for the company  to move  a very small part

18. READING – WHERE DID ALL THE JOBS GO?, RB, p 24 III Complete the notes on the text about the trends in the three sectors of the trends in the three sectors of the economy. the economy. IV How do these views compare to Galbraith’s and MacShane’s views?

19. SUMMARY AND PARAGRAPH WRITING – MK, p 45 Read the statements about manufacturing and services in advanced countries. Read the statements about manufacturing and services in advanced countries. Which of them are in support of manufacturing in advanced countries, and which are in support of services? Which of them are in support of manufacturing in advanced countries, and which are in support of services? Underline the key words and phrases. Underline the key words and phrases. Then, write a paragraph (100-150 words) summarizing in your own words arguments for and against manufacturing and services in advanced countries. Then, write a paragraph (100-150 words) summarizing in your own words arguments for and against manufacturing and services in advanced countries.

21. HOW DO THESE CARTOONS COMMENT ON THE GROWING TRENDS IN THE ECONOMIC SECTORS?