1. Chapter 5 Ad Astra Per Aspera
Kansas Becomes a State

2. People to Know Black Kettle Cyrus K. Holliday John James Ingalls
James Lane
Abraham Lincoln
Julia Louisa Lovejoy
Sterling Price
William C. Quantrill
Charles Robinson

3. Words to Understand Amend Armory Broadside Charter Guerrilla
Inalienable
Ordinance
Reminiscence
Representative government
Revenue
Secede
Segregate
Squatter
Veto

4. Kansas Becomes the 34th State: Rough Start
January 29, 1861
Drought
Crops failed
Drinking water shortage
Kansas Relief Committee
Broadsides and flyers
Financial Trouble

5. Establishing a State Government: Ad Astra Per Aspera
Latin
“to the stars through difficulty.”
John James Ingalls
Secretary to 1st KS Senate
Wyandotte Constitutional Delegate
State Seal

6. The State Constitution
Bill of Rights
Considered inalienable
Are Guaranteed
“all political power in inherent in the people”
All have an important role in government
All have a responsibility to participate
Can be amended (living document)
Also different from U.S. Const.
Slavery (6yrs.)
Women’s voting rights (61 yrs.)

7. The Rules of State Government Today
Federal, State, and county/city
3 Branches KS and U.S. government
Executive
Legislative
Judicial

8. Executive Branch Administer of laws passed by legislature
Headed by Governor who serves a limited term
Max two, four year terms
Includes Lieutenant Governor, Secretary of State, Attorney General, and State Treasurer as well as other agency directors
Governor can approve or veto bills
Collects Taxes (Revenue)

9. Legislative Branch Make laws (legislature)
Two chambers: House of Representatives and Senate
A bill must pass both chambers to be written into law.
Senate has 40 members; they serve four year terms
House of Representatives has 125 members; they serve 2 year terms
2/3 vote to over turn an Executive Veto

10. Judicial Branch Interpret laws and settle disputes between people
Hear criminal cases where the state brings charges against a person
Hear civil cases between two parties
Money
Property rights
Juries are very important to the court system
State Supreme Court has 7 justices appointed by the governor

11. Kansas and the Civil War: James Lane’s Frontier Guard
KS Senator
Helped to defend D.C.
Threat of Secession
Fort Sumter
Maryland and Virginia
Speeches
100 Men
Protected Lincoln
East Room
Union Troops returned

12. Kansans at War: African American Soldiers
30,000 men between 18-45
20,000 enlisted
Not all from KS
Nearly 8,500 died
Highest death rate of any state in Union
African Americans
Start: not allowed in military
Year 3: equal pay
185,000 men volunteered
38,000 died

13. Kansans at War: African American Soldiers Cont.
KS 1st to enlist the men
James Lane recruited them
1st Kansas Colored Infantry
1st reg. to engage in battle
225 vs. 500
1st to fight along side white soldiers
Battle of Honey Springs

14. The Civil War Comes to Kansas: Quantrill’s Raid on Lawrence
Guerrilla tactics (KS and MO)
Quantrill’s Raid
Lawrence Aug. 21, 1863
William C. Quantrill
Confederate guerrilla
400 men attack at 5:00am
Shot every man they saw and windows
White new recruits
African American new recruits
Determined to burn down Lawrence
Killed 140 Men and boys 1 Confederate

15. Battle of Mine Creek “Order No. 11” General Sterling Price
Cleared all settlers out of four western MO counties
Prevent more raids
Site of Battle for Mine Creek
General Sterling Price
Confederate
Ordered to take MO, and if needed retreat through KS taking supplies

16. Battle of Mine Creek Cont.
Was forced to retreat
Supplies slowed retreat
Union Caught up
2,500 Union vs. 7,000 Confederates
Union won in less than an hour
Abandoned/destroyed supplies and fled.

17. Women and the Civil War No military service Organized relief efforts
Made blankets and uniforms
Raised money
Year 2 of civil war
United States Sanitary Commission
Recruited nurses
Donated supplies
Food
Medicines
bandages

18. Frontier Forts in Kansas: The Forts and the Trails
Keep peace as settlers go west
Mostly Protected Americans, not Indians
Santa Fe Trail
1821
Trade between U.S. and Mexico
Invaded some Indian hunting grounds
Military sent to protect the trade route

19. Frontier Forts in Kansas: The Forts and the Trails Cont.
Fort Leavenworth
Oldest active army post west of Mississippi River
NE KS
To far away to protect wagon trains
So Fort Larned was established
Better position to protect Oregon trail

20. The Forts and Indian Relocation
Indians were moved to KS
Duties at Fort Leavenworth changed
Protected Indian lands from settlers
Kept peace among Indian tribes
Fort Scott established to help

21. The Army and Manifest Destiny
Manifest Destiny = Armies role changes
Invading force
Conquer more land + need for supplies = More Forts
Fort Riley established

22. The Civil War and the Frontier Forts
Soldiers stationed at the forts left
Forts manned by volunteers
Felt less obligation to Fed. Gov’t
More aggressive toward American Indians.
Americans that lived on Indian lands were called squatters. (Little House on the Prairie)

23. Tensions Increase: Medicine Lodge Peace Treaties
U.S. wanted Peace
Reservations
Indians completely dependant on Americans
Not what the Indians wanted
U.S. and 5,000 Indians met at Medicine Lodge
Satanta
Kiowa Chief
Asked why they should trust the government
Called building of homes “nonsense”
U.S. Promises
Protection
Schools
Farming tools
Food
Opened the area for American settlement and railroad

24. Tensions Increase: Medicine Lodge Peace Treaties Cont.
Treaty did not bring peace
Some tribes went to reservations some did not
Treaties and promises were broken
Fighting continues.