1. IDdesign Academy MORE EDUCATION – MORE KNOWLEDGE – MORE SALES Wood 1

2. IDdesign Academy MORE EDUCATION – MORE KNOWLEDGE – MORE SALES Wood 2 Maple Danish: Ahorn or Ær English:(Sycamore) maple German:Bergahorn French:Érable de montagne Weight and hardness: Hardwood, kiln dried approx. 680 kg./m³ Average hardness approx. 670 janka. Shrinkage: Volume shrinkage 14.7%. Radial shrinkage 3.0% and tangential shrinkage 8.0%. A bad condition t/r-shrinkage which shows that the wood becomes severely distorted during drying. Colour: European maple is almost white, fine-pored and hard. The North American maple has a more ”cloudy” colour. Lacquered maple, in particular, yellows in the light. Light fastness is considered good. The colour of maple, according to the NCS hue circle, is (Y). Surface treatment: Smoothness is achieved without difficulty. Generally speaking maple has a nice finish, on treatment with standard surface treatments. Maple is well-suited to woodstains, and suitable for being made to look like other wood species.

3. IDdesign Academy MORE EDUCATION – MORE KNOWLEDGE – MORE SALES Wood 3 Ash Danish: Asketræ English:Ash German:Esche French:Frene Weight and hardness: Hardwood, kiln dried approx. 650 kg./m³ Average hardness approx. 760 janka. Shrinkage: Volume shrinkage 13.2%. Radial shrinkage 4.5% and tangential shrinkage 8.2%. Colour: Off-white to greyish yellow, ring-pored wood with relatively coarse pores. Strong, tough, hard wood species which is well-suited to furniture. American ash is somewhat darker. Light fastness is considered good, but it yellows in direct light. The colour of ash, according to the NCS hue circle, is (G80Y). Surface treatment: Ash can be surface treated with lacquer for light wood species and does not generally give rise to problems.

4. IDdesign Academy MORE EDUCATION – MORE KNOWLEDGE – MORE SALES Wood 4 Birch Danish: Birketræ English:Birch Silver/White German:Hange-, Haarbirke French:Bouleau Weight and hardness: Hardwood, kiln-dried approx. 620 kg./m³ Average hardness approx. 490 janka. Shrinkage: Volume shrinkage 13.7%. Radial shrinkage 5.3% and tangential shrinkage 7.8%. Colour: Off-white to yellowish wood species with diffuse fine pores and often with slanted grain due to small trunk diameter. The colour of birch, according to the NCS hue circle, is (Y). Lacquered birch yellows easily. Surface treatments: Birch is well-suited to woodstaining and imitation of fancy woods. When polished an outstanding surface finish is obtained.

5. IDdesign Academy MORE EDUCATION – MORE KNOWLEDGE – MORE SALES Wood 5 Beech Danish:Bøg, rødbøg English:Beech, European beech German:Buche, rotbuche France:Hetre Weight and hardness: Hardwood, kiln-dried approx. 680 kg./m³ Average hardness ca. 780 janka. Shrinkage: Volume shrinkage 17.9%. Radial shrinkage 5.8% and tangential shrinkage 11.8%. Colour: When the tree is freshly felled the wood has a yellowy white colour, but when it is stored it becomes more reddish. There is no great difference between the sapwood and heartwood and the pith rays are visible as small commas. Light fastness is considered good. The colour of beech, according to the NCS hue circle, is (Y10R). Surface treatment: Beech can be soap-treated, oil-treated or lacquered and the close grain gives good results with standard surface treatments. Steam-treated beech has a reddish colour.

6. IDdesign Academy MORE EDUCATION – MORE KNOWLEDGE – MORE SALES Wood 6 Oak Danish:Eg, stilk eg English:European Oak German:Eiche, Stieleiche France:Chêne rouvre, C. pédunculé Weight and hardness: Hardwood, kiln-dried approx. 650 kg./m³ Average hardness approx. 650 janka. Shrinkage: Volume shrinkage 12.2%. Radial shrinkage 4.0% and tangential shrinkage 7.0%. Colour: The sapwood of oak is narrow with a light greyish yellow colour, and the heartwood differs from the sapwood in that the raw wood is greyish yellow which, after further exposure to light, changes to a grey-brown colour. Light fastness is considered good. The colour of oak, according to the NCS hue circle, is (G70Y). Surface treatment: Oak is surface treated with wax, oil and soap, and these treatments do not give rise to any particular problems. There is, however, the risk of the blistering of paint over the pores with heat drying. As with all other woods, oak turns grey over the course of a few years due to the detrimental photochemical effect of the sun.

7. IDdesign Academy MORE EDUCATION – MORE KNOWLEDGE – MORE SALES Wood 7 Pine Danish: Fyrretræ English:Scots pine, redwood German:Kiefer, Föhre French:Pin sylvestre Weight and hardness: Hardwood, kiln-dried approx. 450kg./m³ Average hardness approx. 300 janka. Shrinkage: Volume shrinkage 12.1%. Radial shrinkage 4.0% and tangential shrinkage 7.7%. Colour: Off-white to yellowy spring wood and reddish brown autumn wood. The wood changes colour in the light. Light fastness is less good. The colour of pine, according to the NCS hue circle, is (Y20R). Surface finish: Pine can be stained, soap-treated, oil-treated and lacquered. Standard surface treatments do not give rise to problems. During kiln-drying the drying temperature needs to be kept low if sap exudation is to be avoided. The staining of wood affected by bacteria gives a ”flamed” appearance. As with all other woods, forest pine turns grey over the course of a few years due to the detrimental photochemical effect of the sun. See also surface treatment of wood.

8. IDdesign Academy MORE EDUCATION – MORE KNOWLEDGE – MORE SALES Wood 8 Mahogany Danish:Mahogni English:American-, Brazilian Mahogany German:Echtes- Tabasco-mahagoni France:Acajou Amérique Weight and hardness: Hardwood, kiln-dried approx. 550 kg./m³ Average hardness approx. 650 janka. Shrinkage: Volume shrinkage 8.6%. Radial shrinkage 3.2% and tangential shrinkage 5.1%. Colour: Greyish to reddish, there are considerable differences in colour from the African (greyish) to the more exotic reddish from Central and South America. Light fastness is considered good. The colour of teak, according to the NCS hue circle, is (Y70R). Surface treatment: Mahogany is often thought to be a dark red wood species but this is attributable to the woodstain that the wood has been treated with. The wood is lacquered with an opaque lacquer.

9. IDdesign Academy MORE EDUCATION – MORE KNOWLEDGE – MORE SALES Wood 9 Teak Dansk:Teak English:Teak German:Teakholz France:Teck Weight and hardness: Hardwood, kiln-dried approx. 630 kg./m³ Average hardness approx. 450 janka. Shrinkage: Volume shrinkage 9.4%. Radial shrinkage 2.5% and tangential shrinkage 4.7%. Colour: Brown wood species often with darker veins, patina and discolourment which even out in the light. Light fastness considered good. The colour of teak, according to the NCS hue circle, is (Y50R). Surface treatment: The heartwood of teak is particularly weather-resilient and resistant to the weather conditions in Northern Europe. When teak furniture stands outside it will turn a silvery grey in the light and look rotten. A clean with wood cleaner and a treatment of wood oil will soon give back the furniture its old finish, and the wood has not been damaged.

10. IDdesign Academy MORE EDUCATION – MORE KNOWLEDGE – MORE SALES Wood 10 Walnut Danish: Valnøddetræ English:American Black Walnut, Eastern B.W or Gunwood German:Schwarznuss, Amerikanische Nuss French:Noyer noir d´Ámeririque, Noyer noir. Weight and hardness: Hardwood, kiln-dried approx. 560 kg./m³ Average hardness approx. 420 janka. Shrinkage: Volume shrinkage 12.7%. Radial shrinkage 5.0% and tangential shrinkage 7.5%. Colour: American walnut is brownish with a tinge of purple. European walnut, which is rarely used, is greyish to brownish with darker stripes. Light fastness is good. The colour of walnut, according to the NCS hue circle, is (B40G). Surface treatment: Normally gives a fine and uniform finish but, due to a rather open grain, a fair amount of filling of irregularities is required. The sapwood is difficult to dye to get it to look like heartwood, but otherwise wood staining, oil treatment and lacquering are normally problem-free.