1. EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGE Comparison of EU and MS reference approach Energy workshop 24/25 June 2003 Bernd Gugele (EEA/ETC) Energy workshop 24/25 June 2003 Bernd Gugele (EEA/ETC)

2. EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGE IPCC reference approach w Combustion related CO 2 emissions –Sectoral approach (bottom-up) –Reference approach (top-down) –Comparison sectoral/ref. approach w EU reference approach –Sum of MS reference approach –Calculate from Eurostat data w Experience from 2003 –Improvement needed w Combustion related CO 2 emissions –Sectoral approach (bottom-up) –Reference approach (top-down) –Comparison sectoral/ref. approach w EU reference approach –Sum of MS reference approach –Calculate from Eurostat data w Experience from 2003 –Improvement needed

3. EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGE IPCC Eurostat ref. appr. (1) w New Cronos db, version October 2002 w Includes groups of certain fuels e.g. –Orimulsion  Residual fuel oil –Natural Gas Liquids  Crude Oil –Other Kerosene  Total Kerosene –Anthracite, Coking Coal  Other Bit. Coal –Sub-bit. Coal, Peat  Lignite –Solid, liquid, gas biomass  Biomass total w Calorific values –Country specific for primary solid fuels –Annual update for solid primary fuels –Average calorific values for secondary fuels + crude oil w New Cronos db, version October 2002 w Includes groups of certain fuels e.g. –Orimulsion  Residual fuel oil –Natural Gas Liquids  Crude Oil –Other Kerosene  Total Kerosene –Anthracite, Coking Coal  Other Bit. Coal –Sub-bit. Coal, Peat  Lignite –Solid, liquid, gas biomass  Biomass total w Calorific values –Country specific for primary solid fuels –Annual update for solid primary fuels –Average calorific values for secondary fuels + crude oil

4. EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGE IPCC Eurostat ref. appr. (2) w Carbon emission factors: IPCC default w Fraction of carbon stored: IPCC default w Includes international aviation w Sum of MS –Implied calorific values for primary fuels w National reference approach: –Data provided for 2003 submission –11 MS provided Table 1.A(b) for 1990 –4 MS did not: BE, GR, IT, LU w Carbon emission factors: IPCC default w Fraction of carbon stored: IPCC default w Includes international aviation w Sum of MS –Implied calorific values for primary fuels w National reference approach: –Data provided for 2003 submission –11 MS provided Table 1.A(b) for 1990 –4 MS did not: BE, GR, IT, LU

5. EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGE Comparison ref. appr. EU11

6. EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGE Comparison total without int. aviation

7. EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGE Main reasons for divergence w Austria –Carbon stored (AD + fraction) w Denmark –Apparent consumption solid fuels w Finland, Sweden –Apparent consumption liquid and solid fuels w Ireland –Apparent consumption liquid fuels; carbon stored w France –Carbon stored (AD + fraction) w Germany –Carbon emission factors (i.p. solid fuels) w Austria –Carbon stored (AD + fraction) w Denmark –Apparent consumption solid fuels w Finland, Sweden –Apparent consumption liquid and solid fuels w Ireland –Apparent consumption liquid fuels; carbon stored w France –Carbon stored (AD + fraction) w Germany –Carbon emission factors (i.p. solid fuels)

8. EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGE Main findings w Reasons for diverging energy data –Exclusion of international aviation –Different calorific values: Mainly for secondary fuelsMainly for secondary fuels –Different basic activity data w Reasons for diverging CO 2 –Non-energy use Activity dataActivity data Fraction of carbon storedFraction of carbon stored –Use of country specific emission factors w Reasons for diverging energy data –Exclusion of international aviation –Different calorific values: Mainly for secondary fuelsMainly for secondary fuels –Different basic activity data w Reasons for diverging CO 2 –Non-energy use Activity dataActivity data Fraction of carbon storedFraction of carbon stored –Use of country specific emission factors