1. Obesity in the UK By Siddharth Reddiar and Mitul Patel

2. Definition Obesity is when a person’s weight is roughly 20% beyond their ideal weight Ideal weight can be calculated by using BMI (Body Mass Index) BMI is a calculation which takes into account the height and weight of a person Less than 18.5 – underweight 18.5-25 – normal range 25- 30 – overweight More than 30 – obese More than 40 – morbidly obese 45-50- super obese

3. Causes of Obesity Obesity is a degenerative disease of which there are many causes The intake of too many calories There has been an increase in the intake of sweetened drinks (which leads to an increase in carb. consumption) and fatty foods. The same amount of energy IN and energy OUT over time = weight stays the same More energy IN than energy OUT over time = weight gain ･ More energy OUT than energy IN over time = weight loss

4. Physical LifestyleLifestyle plays a significant role in Obesity. lack of exerciseA large focus is due to lack of exercise. Currently 66% of the worlds population get insufficient amount of physical activity. use of mechanised transportationIncreasing use of mechanised transportation and greater use of labour saving technology in the home. big portion on the go mealsSocieties have become increasingly reliant on energy dense, big portion on the go meals, less are taking out the time to cook homemade meals at home. career orientatedSocieties becoming more career orientated has led to decrease in seeking the time to learn how to learn to cook healthier meals obese parentsChildren who have obese parents have approximately 70% chance of becoming obese compared with children that have normal ranged parents, where they only have 20% chance.

5. Causes Medical reasons insulin antidepressantsMedical reasons – certain medication can cause weight gain or changes in body composition- these include insulin, atypical antidepressants, steriods and hormonal contraception. Prader Willi syndormeCohen syndrome Hypothyroidism, Cushings sydromeand eating disordersObesity is also a rare feature in gentic syndormes such as Prader Willi syndorme, Cohen syndrome as well as congential or accquired syndromes Hypothyroidism, Cushings sydrome and eating disorders – binge eating and night eating disorders career orientatedSocieties becoming more career orientated has led to decrease in seeking the time to learn how to learn to cook healthier meals Stress, depressionStress, depression greater number of hours at work, food is used as a mean of escape. Decrease or quit smokingDecrease or quit smoking – which would otherwise suppress the appetite Pregnancy at a later agePregnancy at a later age Lack of sleepLack of sleep

6. Risks of Obesity Osteoarthritis - Bone and cartilage degeneration especially prevalent in knee j. Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) Hypertension - High blood pressure High cholesterol - fatty deposits in blood vv. Respiratory problems Type 2 diabetes - Adult onset diabetes Stroke - Deprivation of oxygen to the brain

7. Spread of obesity around the world

8. Intake of Calories

9. Impact of Obesity Obesity is a public health and policy problem, because of its prevalence, costs and health effects. Efforts have been made by instilling healthy meal programs at schools, increase bicycle routes and park access. Obesity has also left a strain economically on the country. Services must accommodate obese people with special facilities eg wheelchairs. It has become a disadvantage for employment that more people are becoming obese, and thus increase business costs.

10. Solutions to Obesity Healthy diet and exercise is the main treatment for obesity. In order to do this there have been many diet programs set up in order to loose weight. However to keep the weight off can also serve as a problem. Encouragement from medical clinics – educating the people and giving out guidelines and recommendations of how to tackle the problem Liposuction Anti-obesity medication – eg Orbistat, Sibutramine – have been approved by FDA. Bariatric surgery - is another way to resolve this obesity crisis however this has major costs, and the NHS cannot cover all. This surgery may also have complications. This is option for those with BMI above 40, and have failed to loose weight by natural means.

11. References http://www.mayoclinic.com/health http://www.annecollins.com/obesity/uk-obesity- statistics.htmhttp://www.annecollins.com/obesity/uk-obesity- statistics.htm http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/obe/ obe_causes.htmlhttp://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/obe/ obe_causes.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesity http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/info/obesity/