1. THE OTHER 12A RHETORICAL MODES DEFINITION, NARRATION & DESCRIPTION, ANDCOMPARE/CONTRAST

2. STEP ONE: REVIEW ARGUMENT On your “Required Rhetorical Modes Organizer” handout, in the bulleted section of the top left box— “Argumentation” –write down some of the key points you recall from your introduction to Argumentative Writing. You may use your Argumentation Handout to help you.

3. STEP TWO: DEFINITION Read the explanation in the top right box of your Organizer— ”DEFINITION”—and look at the thinking map that has been provided. Add to your previous notes on the definition rhetorical mode by making notes in the bulleted section of this box, based on previous notes, as well as on the following video. Video: Definition WritingVideo: Definition Writing (be sure to pause and take notes!) Video: Definition Writing Add notes from the next two slides two slides

4. DEFINITION ESSAY A definition essay defines a word, term, or concept in depth by providing a personal commentary on what a specific subject means. Definition essay provides a personal, extended definition of such terms by linking or comparing the term to a previous definition and by illustrating how that term should be applied. Sentence starters: -- “Most would consider X as a …” -- “What X cannot be described as is…” -- “In some cases, X is a…”

5. DEFINITION ESSAY SUGGESTIONS Make sure you have a good, specific thesis that tells readers just how you will define the term. Make sure you have a good, specific thesis that tells readers just how you will define the term. Use good, specific examples (think sensory descriptions) to illustrate each point you make in the paper. Examples allow readers to visualize how the definition can be applied. Use good, specific examples (think sensory descriptions) to illustrate each point you make in the paper. Examples allow readers to visualize how the definition can be applied. Provide good transitions to link all parts of the essay Provide good transitions to link all parts of the essay Have a good conclusion that brings the parts of the definition together and leaves readers with an image of how the definition is applied Have a good conclusion that brings the parts of the definition together and leaves readers with an image of how the definition is applied Don’t forget there are several ways to define: giving examples, describing qualities, defining negatively (what it’s not), using analogies, or showing its function Don’t forget there are several ways to define: giving examples, describing qualities, defining negatively (what it’s not), using analogies, or showing its function For more information, visit http://www.lhsenglish.com/definition.html For more information, visit http://www.lhsenglish.com/definition.htmlhttp://www.lhsenglish.com/definition.html

6. STEP THREE: NARRATION/DESCRIPTION Read the explanation in the bottom left box of your Organizer— ”NARRATION/DESCRIPTION”—and look at the thinking map that has been provided. Complete the bulleted section of notes by watching the following video and by reviewing the 2 following slides. video Sentence Starters: -- “It all began when…” -- “I remember…” -- “On this occasion, X felt…” -- “The first area one would encounter is…”

7. NARRATION/DESCRIPTION IMPORTANCE OF THESIS: Without a thesis/point, you’re not writing a narrative essay. Think about sayings or quotes that teach a lesson Think about a time when you learned something valuable Read quotations to spawn ideas REMEMBER: Needs: a plot, characters, a problem, a climax, and dialogue Written in 1 st or 3 rd person Specific Sensory details Chronological order Should have a thesis essay, just as with other essay writing Conclusion should reflect on the thesis statement

8. NARRATION/DESCRIPTION DIFFERENCES FOR A DESCRIPTION ESSAY A descriptive essay simply describes something or someone by appealing to the reader’s senses: sight, sound, touch, smell and taste. A descriptive essay paints a picture for the reader, using descriptive devices and the senses. Create a thesis statement that informs the reader who or what you are describing. Examples: “The wooden roller coaster in Coney Island is a work of art.” “My bedroom is an ocean sanctuary.” The paragraphs in a descriptive essay can be structured spatially (from top to bottom or from near to far) or chronologically (time order) or from general to specific. For more information, visit http://www.lhsenglish.com/narrationdescription.html http://www.lhsenglish.com/narrationdescription.html

9. COMPARE/CONTRAST Read the explanation in the bottom right box of your Organizer—“COMPARE/CONTRAST”—and look at the thinking map that has been provided. Complete the bulleted section of notes by watching the following video and by reviewing the 2 following slides. video Sentence Starters: -- “Differences between X and Y are…” -- “For example, they both…” -- “Although they differ in X, they correlate in Y…”

10. COMPARE/CONTRAST Compare discusses similarities; contrast discusses differences Be certain which action is being required of you. Either? Both? It’s not enough to mention the similarities and differences. Analyze why these similarities and differences are important What overall pattern is operating in the similarities and why does it matter? How does comparison enhance our understanding of each item/subject? What is the cause of the differences and why does it matter? The answer to the above questions will form your thesis statement. The thesis must make a claim that goes beyond the listing of similarities and differences and creates a new understanding, a weaving together of separate strands to make a new form.

11. COMPARE/CONTRAST HOW TO WRITE IT: Brainstorm everything you know about each subject and then go back for connections that show similarities and differences Brainstorm everything you know about each subject and then go back for connections that show similarities and differences Develop a thesis: ask yourself – Develop a thesis: ask yourself – Is there something important, significant, or interesting in the similarities and differences on my list? Is there something important, significant, or interesting in the similarities and differences on my list? What have I discovered about my two topics? – what do we learn from a compare/contrast? What have I discovered about my two topics? – what do we learn from a compare/contrast? Organization: Organization: Either discuss one in one body paragraph, one in the next body paragraph; Either discuss one in one body paragraph, one in the next body paragraph; Or discuss similarities of the two in one body paragraph, differences of the the two in the next body paragraph Or discuss similarities of the two in one body paragraph, differences of the the two in the next body paragraph Conclusion should include final connections about the two subjects and new understandings or knowledge that can be developed from your analysis Conclusion should include final connections about the two subjects and new understandings or knowledge that can be developed from your analysis For more information, visit http://www.lhsenglish.com/comparecontrast.html For more information, visit http://www.lhsenglish.com/comparecontrast.htmlhttp://www.lhsenglish.com/comparecontrast.html

12. TIME TO PRACTICE! On the back of your “Required Modes Organizer,” you see 4 lined sections, one each for Argumentation, Definition, Narrative/Descriptive, and Compare/Contrast For each, brainstorm a topic related to our last module— “What’s Next”—you could discuss for each rhetorical mode. After you have brainstormed and outlined a few ideas, write a thesis that demonstrates how you would go about writing an essay in that mode. Your THESIS statement should indicate what each of your body paragraphs would be about, as well as the overall impression you want your audience to leave with