1. Genetics

2. Human Growth and Development  Human growth and development is the study of how people change as they go through life.  Development is similar for everyone, but each person grows and develops at an individual rate.

3. Areas of Development  Physical development - all the bodily changes that occur as a person grows and ages.  Intellectual development - a person’s ability to learn something and then apply this knowledge to new problems and experiences.  Emotional development - changes in a person’s ability to establish a unique identity and express feelings.  Social development - learning to interact with other people.

4. Hierarchy of Human Needs  A psychologist named Abraham Maslow developed a system of basic human needs.  Hierarchy of human needs: ▫ Food, shelter, bodily comfort ▫ Safety, security ▫ To feel loved, have a sense of belonging ▫ Self-esteem, approval ▫ Desire to live up to one’s potential

5. Genetics  Genetics is an area of biology that deals with the passing of genes from parents to children.  Genes contain DNA: ▫ DNA consists of 23 pairs of chromosomes ▫ Each pair is made up of one chromosome from the mother and one from the father.

6. Genetic Diseases  Genes can mutate, or break, and become the basis of disease.  Two types of genetic diseases: ▫ Single-gene ▫ Chromosomal

7. Single Gene Diseases  A single-gene disease results from an individual mutant gene.  This type of mutant gene may either create an abnormality or fail to make something that is necessary.  Examples: ▫ Cystic fibrosis ▫ Phenylketonuria ▫ Hemophilia ▫ Albinism ▫ Sickle cell anemia ▫ Red-green color blindness ▫ Tay-Sachs disease ▫ Huntington disease

8. Chromosomal Diseases  Chromosomal diseases are the result of chromosomal breakage, an abnormal chromosome, or a missing chromosome  Two categories of chromosomal diseases are trisomy and monosomy.  Examples: ▫ Down syndrome ▫ Klinefelter syndrome ▫ Turner syndrome

9. Genetic Research  Gene therapy - treatment of single-cell disease by replacing the mutant gene.  Genetic engineering - imitation and artificial manipulation of DNA to create recombinant DNA.