1. ENZYMES
SBI 3C1

2. What are Enzymes?
Enzymes are specialized protein molecules that speed up (catalyze) the chemical reactions of organisms
Without enzymes, most of the reactions in a cell would proceed too slowly
All chemical reactions require energy to get started. This start-up energy is called ACTIVATION ENERGY (Ea)

3. H2O2 H2O + O2 Chemical Reaction: Catalase
Hydrogen Peroxide Water Oxygen
Catalase is an enzyme that catalyzes the
breakdown of Hydrogen Peroxide into Water
and Oxygen gas

4. How enzymes work?.....
Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy needed. This makes it easier for the reaction to proceed/start.

6. ENZYME ACTIVITY The names of enzymes usually end in “-ase”
In order to start a reaction an enzyme must attach to one specific reactant (“starting molecule”)
Reactants are called Substrates.....thus, enzymes act on a specific substrate.
Substrates bind to enzymes
at their Active Site.

8. Re-cap……….

9. ENZYME ACTIVITY & THE ENVIRONMENT
Enzymes are proteins, like proteins it can lose its function (denature) when exposed to the following:
Acidic/Basic environments – pH level (at both extremes)
Extremely High Temperature
TEMPERATURE:
Enzyme catalyzed reactions increase speed with a slight increase in temperature
If the temperature is reduced, the motion of the enzyme and substrate are reduced

10. Effect of Temperature on Enzyme Activity

11. Effect of pH on Enzyme Activity

12. INDUSTRIAL USES OF ENZYMES:
Brewing, baking, winemaking:
glucose to alcohol and carbon dioxide
Candy, jams, jellies, fruit juices:
Enzymes are used to produce sugar from starch
Cleaning Products:
Detergents contain enzymes that break down stains)