1. Critically Reviewing Literature Dr N L Reynolds

2. Lecture Objectives To provide guidelines on how to get the most out of the literature and secondary data

3. Importance of Critically Reviewing Literature Broadly searching the literature helps ensure that you know what is available in a particular subject area Critically reviewing the literature enables you to understand the strengths and weaknesses of the body of work you are considering Combined they allow you to identify a research gap which, when filled, will be an original contribution to your area of interest

4. Key Issues 1.Finding literature and other secondary sources of information 2.Assessing the relevance of information sources 3.Critically reviewing individual papers 4.Organizing literature and writing literature reviews 5.Referencing and plagiarism

5. Key Issue 1: Locating journal articles Searching databases via Metalib Searching the table of contents of highly relevant journals http://www.brad.ac.uk/library/elecinfo/MetalibDetailedGuide.pdf

6. Key Issue 2: Selecting journal articles to read Title Author(s) Abstract Discussion/Conclusions

7. Key Issue 2: Evaluating secondary sources

8. Key Issue 3: Thinking critically Is not … description, unsupported generalizations or assumptions, lack of discrimination Is … assessing whether the material is robust and valid by using your knowledge of the subject and the evidence presented to you Is … being able to show why you agree, disagree or are undecided about, the robustness and validity of the material presented

9. Key Issue 3: Critically reviewing literature Why am I reading this? What are the authors trying to do in writing this? What are the authors saying that is relevant to what I want to find out? How convincing is what the authors are saying? In conclusion, what use can I make of this?

10. Key Issue 4: Putting a literature review together Finding relevant information –Knowing who talks about what –Physical/ electronic organization of papers –Locating quotes and other ‘interesting bits’ Structuring your literature review –Identify the major issues/topics –Identify sub-topics –Identify viewpoints on topics and sub-topics including their strengths and weaknesses

11. Key Issue 5: Referencing and plagiarism See additional material provided.

12. Contribution to your dissertation For most people Demonstrates that you know your subject area and how the research you are doing fits into that subject area Provides the information required to identify the relevant models and/or theories that may apply to the research problem For a very few people Critically assessing the body of literature is the objective of their dissertation

13. Information on critical analysis (apart from sources listed in the module manual) can also be found in –Effective Learning Service: Effective Note- making –Effective Learning Service: Your Assignment Results and How to Improve Them –Effective Learning Service: Critical Thinking (Quick Read) Additional Sources