1. Chapter 6 Partisan Politics

2. Vocabulary Unit III Constitution Ratify Articles of Confederation Bill of Rights Judicial review Tyranny Political party Federalism Checks and balances Strict constructionist Loose constructionist Impressment Veto Inauguration

3. Partisan Politics in America Partisan Politics/Political Party Political groups with differing opinions about government supporting their own election candidates

4. Americans and Government/Politics Most supported the Bill of Rights Most supported the Bill of Rights Liked the system of checks and balances Liked the system of checks and balances Concerned about the power of the govt. and the role it should play in peoples’ lives Concerned about the power of the govt. and the role it should play in peoples’ lives Most Americans opposed partisan politics/political parties Most Americans opposed partisan politics/political parties

5. Alexander Hamilton Secretary of the Treasury His beliefs: His beliefs: Federalist Federalist People aren’t capable of making important decisions regarding the country People aren’t capable of making important decisions regarding the country Wanted to increase the role of government Wanted to increase the role of government Loose constructionist ( Constitution could be interpreted to suit the needs of the country ) Loose constructionist ( Constitution could be interpreted to suit the needs of the country )

6. Hamilton’s Plan The Feds would assume the State debt from the American Revolutionary War The Feds would assume the State debt from the American Revolutionary War Southerners opposed this plan and only agreed if the capitol would be built in the South Southerners opposed this plan and only agreed if the capitol would be built in the South He established a payment plan which included a tariff on whiskey He established a payment plan which included a tariff on whiskey Bank of the U.S. was established in 1791 Bank of the U.S. was established in 1791

7. Thomas Jefferson Secretary of State Opposed Hamilton’s plan Opposed Hamilton’s plan Believed that people would make the right decisions Believed that people would make the right decisions Strict constructionist ( the govt. could not do anything the Constitution did not give it power to do) Strict constructionist ( the govt. could not do anything the Constitution did not give it power to do)

8. War Between Britain and France Americans were afraid of the British Americans were afraid of the British Had a sense of loyalty to the French Had a sense of loyalty to the French Washington declared America’s neutrality Washington declared America’s neutrality Britain began seizing American ships Britain began seizing American ships They also supported Native Americans in the Northwest Territory They also supported Native Americans in the Northwest Territory John Jay was sent to Britain to discuss these issues to avoid a war John Jay was sent to Britain to discuss these issues to avoid a war

9. Jay’s Treaty With Britain Britain would leave the forts it occupied in the Northwest Territory Britain would leave the forts it occupied in the Northwest Territory He couldn’t convince the British to stop seizing American ships in search of British citizens He couldn’t convince the British to stop seizing American ships in search of British citizens Congress approved the treaty in 1795 Congress approved the treaty in 1795

10. Whiskey Rebellion People in Pennsylvania refused to pay the whiskey tax People in Pennsylvania refused to pay the whiskey tax The rebels attacked tax collectors and closed the courts The rebels attacked tax collectors and closed the courts The army stopped the rebellion The army stopped the rebellion Significance is the government showed that it was prepared to enforce this nation’s laws Significance is the government showed that it was prepared to enforce this nation’s laws

11. The Political Climate Late 1700’s Many Americans were unhappy with the Federalists and organized societies to oppose them. Many Americans were unhappy with the Federalists and organized societies to oppose them. Jefferson was a leader of this new political party known as the Democratic Republicans Jefferson was a leader of this new political party known as the Democratic Republicans The Federalists and the Democratic Republicans are the 1 st two political parties The Federalists and the Democratic Republicans are the 1 st two political parties

12. The Election of 1796 Federalist – John Adams President Thomas Pinckney ( V.P.) Thomas Pinckney ( V.P.) Democratic Republican – Thomas Jefferson Aaron Burr (V.P.) Aaron Burr (V.P.) Adams finished 1 st and Jefferson 2 nd Adams President, Jefferson his V.P. ( Old Election System)

13. Louisiana Purchase – Lewis & Clark Expedition

14. Problems With France – XYZ Affair After Jay’s treaty, the French began seizing American ships in French ports After Jay’s treaty, the French began seizing American ships in French ports Delegates were sent to negotiate with the French government Delegates were sent to negotiate with the French government The delegates were met by 3 French agents who wanted The delegates were met by 3 French agents who wanted 250K 250K a loan of 10 million dollars a loan of 10 million dollars then they would take the U.S. delegates to see the French Foreign Minister then they would take the U.S. delegates to see the French Foreign Minister This event became known as the XYZ Affair This event became known as the XYZ Affair

15. U.S. Response to the XYZ Affair Americans were outraged Americans were outraged U.S. and French ships began attacking each other U.S. and French ships began attacking each other

16. New Acts The Alien Act = deportation or imprisonment of citizens from foreign countries who were in the U.S. The Alien Act = deportation or imprisonment of citizens from foreign countries who were in the U.S. The Sedition Act = malicious writings or statements about the U.S. govt. or officials could result in a fine and/or imprisonment The Sedition Act = malicious writings or statements about the U.S. govt. or officials could result in a fine and/or imprisonment

17. The Election of 1800 Candidates campaigned via newspapers and there were a lot of personal attacks Candidates campaigned via newspapers and there were a lot of personal attacks Adams was a monarch Adams was a monarch Jefferson was godless Jefferson was godless Jefferson won the popular vote but not the electoral college Jefferson won the popular vote but not the electoral college Both Jefferson and Burr had 73 electoral college votes Both Jefferson and Burr had 73 electoral college votes The House of Representative chose Jefferson The House of Representative chose Jefferson **This election was significant because it showed that power could be transferred peacefully from one political party to another

18. President Jefferson Jefferson Jefferson Declared himself a man of the people Declared himself a man of the people Established the “Mr. President” Established the “Mr. President” Cut taxes Cut taxes Reduced the size of government. Reduced the size of government. Affected by midnight judges – Last minute Supreme Court Justice appointment – John Adams Affected by midnight judges – Last minute Supreme Court Justice appointment – John Adams Marbury v. Madison – Established Judicial review (courts decide if laws are constitutional) Marbury v. Madison – Established Judicial review (courts decide if laws are constitutional) Louisiana Purchase 1803 – from France for 15 million. Louisiana Purchase 1803 – from France for 15 million. Increased the size of the U.S. and the debt. Increased the size of the U.S. and the debt. Territory went from the Mississippi to the Rocky Mountains Territory went from the Mississippi to the Rocky Mountains

19. Chapter 6 The War of 1812

20. Headed Toward War 1807, British ship Leopold attacked the U.S. ship Chesapeake and caused 21 casualties 1807, British ship Leopold attacked the U.S. ship Chesapeake and caused 21 casualties Jefferson’s Response Jefferson’s Response Jefferson had each state call up 100k militia men Jefferson had each state call up 100k militia men The Embargo Act of 1807 The Embargo Act of 1807 British ships could not dock in American ports (to stifle trade) British ships could not dock in American ports (to stifle trade) It hurt Britain and France a little but New Englanders suffered the most It hurt Britain and France a little but New Englanders suffered the most They started smuggling goods They started smuggling goods Jefferson lost popularity Jefferson lost popularity

21. Election of 1808 James Madison –President (Democratic Republican) James Madison –President (Democratic Republican) Non-Intercourse Act of 1809 ( replaced the Embargo Act) Non-Intercourse Act of 1809 ( replaced the Embargo Act) Result Result New England had to re-open factories and begin making goods New England had to re-open factories and begin making goods Industry in the U.S. begins Industry in the U.S. begins

22. Causes for the War Impressment – over 6000 U.S. sailors were abducted Impressment – over 6000 U.S. sailors were abducted British instigating conflict between the U.S. and Native Americans British instigating conflict between the U.S. and Native Americans

23. U.S. Concerns at the Beginning of the War The U.S. had a small navy The U.S. had a small navy A fleet of 12 ships vs. Britain’s 800 A fleet of 12 ships vs. Britain’s 800 No allies No allies

24. The War U.S. waged an attack in Canada but was unsuccessful U.S. waged an attack in Canada but was unsuccessful U.S. victory was at the Battle of Thames resulting in the Creek Indians giving up their claim to most of Alabama and So. Georgia U.S. victory was at the Battle of Thames resulting in the Creek Indians giving up their claim to most of Alabama and So. Georgia The British attack on land from Canada was unsuccessful The British attack on land from Canada was unsuccessful U.S. fleets were outnumbered with a few victories. The British were able to blockade the U.S, coastline and U.S. attacks stopped U.S. fleets were outnumbered with a few victories. The British were able to blockade the U.S, coastline and U.S. attacks stopped They left their ships and burned the Capitol and the White House (Francis Scott Key wrote the star spangled banner) They left their ships and burned the Capitol and the White House (Francis Scott Key wrote the star spangled banner)

25. How and Why did the War of 1812 End Why ? 1. No one wanted the war 1. No one wanted the war 2. The British knew that eventually they 2. The British knew that eventually they would lose. would lose.How? The Treaty of Ghent 1. Re-established boundaries 2. Did not address impressment 2. Did not address impressment

26. After the War 2 weeks after the treaty was signed, troops were still fighting in New Orleans. The victory made Andrew Jackson a hero 2 weeks after the treaty was signed, troops were still fighting in New Orleans. The victory made Andrew Jackson a hero The U.S. was prosperous The U.S. was prosperous The depression of 1819 was triggered by England requesting money the Bank of U.S. owed to the country The depression of 1819 was triggered by England requesting money the Bank of U.S. owed to the country

27. Slavery Issues Northwest Ordinance 1787 Northwest Ordinance 1787 No state northwest of Ohio could be a slave state No state northwest of Ohio could be a slave state Missouri (MO) could be a slave state Missouri (MO) could be a slave state Congress objected (no) Congress objected (no) Concern about increasing slavery Concern about increasing slavery If Missouri became a slave state, the South would have more power in Congress. If Missouri became a slave state, the South would have more power in Congress. Missouri Compromise – 1820 Missouri Compromise – 1820 Slavery was allowed in MO Slavery was allowed in MO Maine entered the union as a free state Maine entered the union as a free state Boundary for slavery N of 36 degree 30 latitude in the Louisiana Purchase was closed to slavery Boundary for slavery N of 36 degree 30 latitude in the Louisiana Purchase was closed to slavery