1. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Chapter 10 Animal Reproduction

2. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Objectives Identify and describe the male and female reproductive organs Describe the function of the endocrine glands and hormones in reproduction

3. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Objectives (cont.) Describe reproductive failures that may occur Define fertilization, gestation, parturition, and estrus cycle

4. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Terminology Reproduction- production of offspring Sexual reproduction- involves the union of a sperm and an egg Asexual reproduction- does not involve gametes Embryo- early stage in the development of the fetus

5. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Terminology (cont.) Sterile- unable to reproduce Ridgeling- male in which one or both testicles are held in the body cavity Testosterone- male hormone that controls the traits of the male Urine- liquid waste collected in the bladder Seminal fluid- fluid that mixes with and transports the sperm cells

6. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Terminology (cont.) Semen- mixture of the seminal fluid, prostate fluid, and sperm Estrogen- hormone produced by the ovaries – Causes female to show signs of estrus Progesterone- pregnancy hormone Estrus- time during which the female will accept the male for copulation Atrophy- waste away

7. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Terminology (cont.) Fraternal- animals who are born at the same time –Come from different egg cells Identical- animals who come from the same egg cell Gestation- time during which the animal is pregnant

8. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Terminology (cont.) Umbilical cord- part of the fetal membranes that connects to the navel of the fetus –Carries Blood vessels that supply nutrients Oxygen Waste products away from the placenta

9. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Terminology (cont.) Placenta- structure by which the fetus is nourished in the uterus Diffusion- process in which food, oxygen, and wastes pass through a semi-permeable membrane Dystocia- difficulty resulting in a painful or slow delivery or birth

10. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Terminology (cont.) Colostrum- milk produced the first few days after parturition Antibodies- substances that protect from infections and poisons Afterbirth- placenta and membranes expelled after the birth of the fetus

11. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Terminology (cont.) Incubation- keeping eggs at the right temperature and humidity for hatching Cyst- swelling containing a fluid or semisolid substance

12. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Reproduction Sexual vs. asexual –Copulation Male mates with a female and sperm is placed into the female reproductive tract –Fertilization Sperm penetrates the egg cell –Gestation Embryo grows inside mother –Parturition Mother gives birth

13. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Male Reproductive System Mammals

14. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Male Reproductive System (cont.) Poultry

15. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Female Reproductive System Mammals

16. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Female Reproductive System Mammals (cont.)

17. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Female Reproductive System Poultry

18. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Estrus Cycle Signs of estrus –Cattle –Swine –Sheep do not show any visible signs –Goats –Horses

19. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Ovulation Release of egg cell from the ovary Corpus luteum forms on ovary and releases progesterone –Which causes four things: Fertilized egg implanted Other eggs stop forming Pregnant condition maintained Mammary glands develop

20. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Ovulation (cont.) If egg is not fertilized, the corpus luteum atrophies Fraternally related offspring Identical offspring

21. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Fertilization Male deposits sperm in female reproductive tract Sperm cell penetrates egg cell if present Sperm and egg cells do not live long

22. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Gestation Fetus develops in uterus Nutrients and oxygen supplied and waste carried off by umbilical cord Food, oxygen, wastes exchanged by diffusion through placenta Most fetus growth occurs in last third of gestation period

23. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Parturition Build-up of estrogen causes contractions First water bag appears and breaks Second water bag appears and presentation of fetus begins Dystocia

24. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Parturition (cont.) Mother produces colostrum –Rich in antibodies –First 12 to 24 hours Afterbirth should be expelled several hours after birth

25. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Reproduction in Poultry Sperm is placed into cloacal wall of female by papilla of male Sperm move up oviduct to funnel –It fertilizes the egg Egg yolk moves through female reproductive tract

26. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Reproduction in Poultry (cont.) Thick white, shell membranes, thin white, and shell are added Egg is laid Incubation period Embryo fed by contents of the egg

27. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Reproductive Failures Physical condition Infections Hormones Cysts Cryptorchidism