1. Transformation of Energy

2. Definition
Transformation of Energy: The changing of one type of energy into another type of energy

3. Heat Production Friction changes one type of energy into another
WRITE DOWN ONE EXAMPLE:
Example 1: As a glacier flows, some of its energy of motion is turned into heat at the boundary between the ice and the valley walls
Example 2: Wind blowing over the ocean, creating waves and surface currents. Heat is produced at the boundary between the atmosphere and hydrosphere

5. Transformations of Mechanical Energy
Potential + Kinetic = Mechanical
Kinetic energy: Energy of motion

6. Potential energy: Energy related to the position or phase
Potential energy: Energy related to the position or phase. “Stored” energy
The higher an object is above the center of the Earth, the greater its potential to fall, the greater the potential energy

8. Potential <->Kinetic
Water at the top of a waterfall has potential energy because of its position relative to Earth’s center. As the water falls, some of the potential energy turns into kinetic energy

10. Electromagnetic Energy
Electromagnetic energy can be absorbed by an object and reradiated as a longer wavelength
This occurs because energy moves from high to low
The higher the energy, the higher the temperature and the shorter the wavelengths

11. Energy from the sun is absorbed as ultraviolet and visible radiation and re-radiated as infrared (longer) wavelengths
The Earth is much lower in temp than the sun, so the Earth emits longer wavelengths than the sun

13. Temperature and Heat
Temperature is directly related to the amount of heat (thermal energy) in the object or region

14. Specific Heat
The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance 1 degree C.
Determines how easily/difficultly a material heats up or cools down
The bigger the number, the more energy it takes to heat up/cool down, the longer it takes to do so

15. Ex. Water (high specific heat) heats up/cools down slower than Iron (lower specific heat)- ESRT PAGE 1