1. Properties of Water Specific Heat & Phase Changes

2. Specific Heat the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance 1°C the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance 1°C Specific heat of liquid water = 1 Specific heat of liquid water = 1 This property of water is very important!!! This property of water is very important!!!

3. Water heats up more slowly mainly due to its high Specific Heat (takes 5 x longer than land) Water reflects the sun’s incoming solar radiation Therefore, water takes longer to heat up, but will retain this heat longer, so………..

4. During the day….. A sea breeze will form. Sea breeze: wind moves from ocean to land

5. At night… A land breeze develops Land breeze: wind moves from land to ocean

6. MODERATING EFFECT OF LARGE BODIES OF WATER

9. 2 types of Heat Energy Kinetic Energy – is energy in motion. Temperature is the average KE of molecules Potential Energy – is energy in storage aka latent heat or hidden energy. Cannot be measured with a thermometer

10. Change in State (Phase Change) Change in state is a change in potential energy Known as latent heat because it does not cause a temperature change During the phase change energy can be absorbed or released but the energy is hidden because it DOES NOT SHOW A CHANGE IN TEMPERATURE

11. DURING CHANGE OF STATE, ENERGY IS CONVERTED TO POTENTIAL ENERGY OR STORED HEAT – DOES NOT SHOW A CHANGE IN TEMPERATURE Condensation and freezing – release energy Evaporation and melting – require energy

12. ¾ OF THE ENERGY ABSORBED BY EARTH EVAPORATES WATER FROM THE OCEANS EVAPORATION 540 CALORIES/GRAM GAINED 540 CALORIES/GRAM GAINED The gram of water absorbed 540 calories of latent heat as it changed to vapor ( require addition of energy ) COOLING EFFECT COOLING EFFECT CONDENSATION 540 CALORIES/GRAM RELEASED 540 CALORIES/GRAM RELEASED The gram of water released 540 calories of latent heat as it changed to liquid ( give off energy ) WARMING EFFECT WARMING EFFECT

13. 3. A sample of water undergoes the phase changes from ice to vapor and back to ice as shown in the model below. During which phase change does the sample gain the greatest amount of energy?

14. 4. According to the Earth Science Reference Tables, how many calories of heat energy must be added to 10 grams of iron to raise its temperature 10° C? Heat (cal) = mass x temp. change x specific heat 10 g x 10°C x.11 cal/g °C = 11 cal

15. 12. Based on the Earth Science Reference Tables, what is the total amount of energy required to melt 100 grams of ice at 0°C to liquid water at 0°C? Heat of fusion of water is 80 calories per gram. To melt 100 grams of ice would require 100 times as much energy or 8000 calories.

16. Check the box which describes whether energy is gained or lost for each process. ProcessEnergy Gained Energy Lost Condensation Evaporation Melting Solidification How many calories are gained or lost by water for each of the following processes? ProcessCalories Gained Calories Lost Condensation Evaporation Melting Solidification