1. CompTIA A+ Guide to Managing & Maintaining Your PC By: JEAN ANDREW Computer Maintenance Chapter 2: Introducing Operating Systems

2. Copyright © 2007 - CIST 2 Objectives After you have completed this lesson, you will be able to: Describe operating system purpose Identify differences between operating systems Describe features of OS interfaces Ex: Window Explorer, My Computer, Control Panel, Task bar,… Identify concepts for creating, viewing, managing disks, directories and files in Operating Systems

3. Copyright © 2007 - CIST 3 Scenario In this chapter, you will learn: –Operating System Past and Present –What an Operating System Does –OS Tool to Examine a System  Windows Desktop  My Computer and Windows Explorer  System Properties  Control Panel  Device Manager  System Information  Windows Help and Microsoft Web Site  Keystroke Shortcut

4. Copyright © 2007 - CIST 4 Operating System Past and Present What is an OS? Is software that controls a computer. It manages hardware, runs applications, provides an interface for users, and stores, retrieves, and manipulates file.

5. Copyright © 2007 - CIST 5 DOS (Disk Operating Systrem) First OS among IBM microcomputers and IBM-compatible computers DOS is outdated Sometimes is used on FDD and disk for upgrade or diagnose problem with HDD or motherboard DOS was used by Windows 3.1 and 3.11

6. DOS (Disk Operating Systrem) Copyright © 2007 - CIST 6

7. Windows 9x/Me Copyright © 2007 - CIST 7 Early OSs that used a DOS core Have user-friendly interface Many people choose not to upgrade from 98 to Windows Me because the cost and hassle involved Support Plug and Play Introduced 32-bit programming Backward-compatible with older software and hardware while still taking advantage of newer technology Blend of low-end and high-end technologies

8. Windows 9x/Me Copyright © 2007 - CIST 8 DescriptionWindows 95Windows 98Windows Me Processor486 or higherPentiumPentium 150 MHz RAM8 MB24 MB32 MB Free hard disk space50 MB195 MB320 MB Recommend minimum hardware requirements for Windows 9x/Me

9. Windows NT (New Technology) Copyright © 2007 - CIST 9 Recommend minimum hardware requirements for Windows 9x/Me Two version: NT Workstation and NT Server Completely rewrote the OS core Correct many problems with 9x/Me Totally eliminating the DOS core Introduced many problem that solve by 2000/XP The minimum requirement on IBM-compatible PC: –Pentium-compatible processor or higher –16 MB of RAM (32 MB is recommended) –124 MB of hard disk space

10. Windows 2000 Copyright © 2007 - CIST 10 Offers several improvement over Windows NT: More stable environment, support PnP, Device Manager, Recovery Console, Active Directory, better network support, and features specifically targeting notebook computers Hardware and software must qualify for this OSs The recommended system requirements for Windows 2000 Professional are: –133 MHz Pentium-compatible processor –2 GB hard drive with at least 650 MB free space –64 MB RAM Windows 2000 is considered a dying OS

11. Comparing Windows 2000 Copyright © 2007 - CIST 11

12. Windows XP Copyright © 2007 - CIST 12 Recommend minimum hardware requirements for Windows 9x/Me Windows XP features: –Upgrade of Windows 2000 and attempts to integrate Windows 9x/Me and 2000 –Added support for multimedia and networking technologies –New user interface –Ability for two users to log on simultaneously –Windows Messenger and Windows Media Player –Include several advance security features including Windows Firewall

13. Windows XP Windows XP Comes with two main versions: –Windows XP Home Edition –Windows XP Professional Other less significant editions: –Windows XP Media Center Edition –Windows XP Tablet PC Edition –Windows XP Professional x64 Edition The minimum requirements for XP Professional –A minimum of 64 MB of RAM –At least 1.5 GB of free hard disk space, with 2 GB recommended –A CPU that run at lease 233 MHz can support two CPU Different between XP Home Edition and XP Professional Edition: http://www.windowsnetworking.com/articles_tutorials/wxpdifs.html http://www.windowsnetworking.com/articles_tutorials/wxpdifs.html Copyright © 2007 - CIST 13

14. Windows Vista Copyright © 2007 - CIST 14 Windows Vista Overview 1. Why do I need Vista? –Start Menu –Instant Search –Windows Aero –Security enhancements (UAC) –Parental Controls –Networking enhancements –BitLocker, Backup –File System enhancements –Applications (Windows Mail, Calendar, Meeting Space, Games) –50+ other new features –Cool Factor

15. Windows Vista Copyright © 2007 - CIST 15 Windows Vista Versions –Other Versions/Options  Vista Starter  "N" Editions  32-bit vs. 64-bit Versions –Home Versions  Vista Home Basic  Vista Home Premium  Vista Ultimate –Business Versions  Vista Business  Vista Enterprise  Windows Ultimate

16. Windows Vista Version of Vista Upgrade Price (retail) Full Price (retail) Anytime Upgrade Home Basic$100$200Home Premium/Ultimate Home Premium$155$230Ultimate Business$195$285Ultimate $250$380N/A Copyright © 2007 - CIST 16 Pricing - Full vs. Upgrade

17. Windows Vista Copyright © 2007 - CIST 17 Hardware Requirements for Windows Vista

18. Windows Server 2003 Copyright © 2007 - CIST 18 Not intended to be used for a personal computer Version of Windows Server 2003 –Windows Small Business Server 2003 –Storage Server 2003 –Server 2003 Web Edition –Server 2003 Standard Edition –Server 2003 Enterprise Edition –Server 2003 Data Center Edition Hardware Variable Web EditionStandard Edition Enterprise Edition Datacenter Edition CPU speed550 MHz (2) 733 MHz (8)733 MHz (32,64) RAM256 MB 1 GB Maximum RAM2 GB4 GB32 GB (64 GB for IA64) 64 GB (512 GB for IA64) Minimum Recommended Hardware Requirements for Windows Server 2003

19. UNIX Copyright © 2007 - CIST 19 Popular OS for control network Support applications used on the Internet There are several version of UNIX

20. LINUX Copyright © 2007 - CIST 20 By Linux Torvalds, student at Helsinki Finland Basic version are free and offer open source code Unix-like OS Popular distributions include: –SuSE (www.novell.com/linux/suse)www.novell.com/linux/suse –RedHat (redhat.com) –TurboLinux (www.turbolinux.com)www.turbolinux.com Linux can be used both as a server or desktop platform Support various type of server application Pentium III or AMD Athlon, 256 MB RAM, 4 GB of free space

21. LINUX Copyright © 2007 - CIST 21

22. LINUX Copyright © 2007 - CIST 22

23. OS/2 Copyright © 2007 - CIST 23 Developed by IBM and Microsoft Less common for home desktop PC Used in certain type of network Microsoft developed Windows NT using some of the core components of OS/2 and intend to replace OS/2

24. MAC OS Copyright © 2007 - CIST 24 Available only on Macintosh computer by Apple Corporation (www.apple.com). First in 1984www.apple.com Latest version Mac OS X (ten) offer easy access to the Internet, can be a web server for small network Popular for education environment Excellent support for graphics, multimedia application Popular in the professional desktop publishing and graphics market Plug and Play compatibilities, better support Multi-tasking Max OS X: at least 128 MB RAM, 1.5 GB hard disk

25. MAC OS Copyright © 2007 - CIST 25

26. Copyright © 2007 - CIST 26 Scenario In this chapter, you will learn: –Operating System Past and Present –What an Operating System Does –OS Tool to Examine a System  Windows Desktop  My Computer and Windows Explorer  System Properties  Control Panel  Device Manager  System Information  Windows Help and Microsoft Web Site  Keystroke Shortcut

27. What an OS Does Copyright © 2007 - CIST 27 OS share the following four main function: –Providing a user interface –Managing Files –Managing applications –Manage hardware Operating System Components Every OS has two main internal components: –Shell: portion of OS that relates to the user and application  Provide users like select music to burn, install app., change wallpaper  Shell uses various tool such as Windows Explorer, Control panel, My Computer, which can have command, menu, icon –Kernel: portion of OS is responsible for interacting with OS

28. What an OS Does Copyright © 2007 - CIST 28

29. Copyright © 2007 - CIST 29 What an OS does Figure 1.37 Not all software relates directly to hardware; some is dependent on other software to perform many basic functions. User Application Software Operating System BIOSDevice Drivers Hardware

30. What an OS Does Copyright © 2007 - CIST 30 An OS provides a User Interface –Command-driven interfaces –Icon-driven and menu-driven interfaces An OS manages files and folders –An OS responsible for storing files and folders on a secondary storage using file system –File Allocation Table (FAT), FAT32, –New Technology File System (NTFS) –Track is divided into several sectors –Cluster is the smallest unit of space on a disk

31. Copyright © 2007 - CIST 31 Interfacing with the O.S. A Command-driven Interface A Menu-driven Interface A Icon-driven Interface

32. What an OS Does Copyright © 2007 - CIST 32 Files and Directories –A directory table is a list of subdirectories and files –Root directory: main directory created when a hard drive or disk is first formatted

33. What an OS Does Copyright © 2007 - CIST 33 Partitions and logical drives on a hard drives Start > Control Panel > Administrative tools > Disk Management or > Start > Run > type diskmgmt.msc

34. What an OS Does Copyright © 2007 - CIST 34 An OS manages application Software designed to perform a task for the user is called an application –Installing application software –Launching applications software using the Windows Desktop –Four ways to run software:  Use a shortcut icon  Use the star menu  Use the run command  Use windows Explorer or My computer –Real (16-bit), Protected (32-bit), Long (64-bit) operating modes  Multitasking, preemptive multitasking

35. What an OS Does Copyright © 2007 - CIST 35

36. What an OS Does Copyright © 2007 - CIST 36 Device drivers are small programs store on hard drive that tell the computer how to communicate with a specific hardware device such a printer, network card, or modem. An OS manage hardware

37. What an OS Does Copyright © 2007 - CIST 37 How an OS manages memory

38. Copyright © 2007 - CIST 38 Scenario In this chapter, you will learn: –Operating System Past and Present –What an Operating System Does –OS Tool to Examine a System  Windows Desktop  My Computer and Windows Explorer  System Properties  Control Panel  Device Manager  System Information  Windows Help and Microsoft Web Site  Keystroke Shortcut

39. OS TOOLS TO EXAMINE A SYSTEM Copyright © 2007 - CIST 39 The Windows Desktop –Is the primary tool provided by the Windows Shell –Display Properties windows –The Taskbar and system tray –Shortcut My Computer and Windows Explorer –Creating, deleting folders –Changing file attributes –Change folder options System Properties Control Panel –Is a Windows containing several small utility programs called applets that are used to manage hardware, software, users, and system

40. OS TOOLS TO EXAMINE A SYSTEM Copyright © 2007 - CIST 40 Device Manager –Is your primary Windows tool when solving problems with hardware –Start > right-click on My Computer > Properties > Hardware tab> Device Manager –Or Start > Run > type devmgmt.msc System Information –Is the system information utility gives information similar to that given by Device Manager plus more –Start > Run > msinfo32.exe Windows Help and the Microsoft Web Site –Provide useful information when you try to resolve a problem –Start > Help and Support –http://support.microsoft.comhttp://support.microsoft.com Keystroke shortcut in the OS

41. Review vocabulary child directorykernelroot directory clusterlogical drivesector CMOS setuplong modeservice desktopmultitaskingshell device driverNew Technology file system shortcut directory table(NTFS)startup BIOS file allocation tableOperating Systemsubdirectory file extensionpartitionsystem BIOS file systempathsystem tray filenamepreemptive multitaskingtaskbar folderprotected modetrack graphical user interfacereal modevolume initialization filesregistry Copyright © 2007 - CIST 41

42. Copyright © 2007 - CIST 42 Summary Operating systems used for desktop computer include DOS, Windows 9x/Me, Windows NT/2000/XP, Unix, a version of Unix call Linux, OS/2, and the Mac OS. The windows server 2003 are only used on servers. Windows Vista is next Microsoft operating system. An operating system manages hardware, runs applications, provide an interface for users, and stores, retrieves, and manipulate files. CPU can operates in three modes, 16, 32, 64-bit. OS provide many tool to examine a system.

43. Copyright © 2007 - CIST 43 QUIZ – choose the correct answer 1. Every OS composed of two main internal component, what are they? - kernel- shell - interface- command 2. An OS provides an interface for user that is: _________driven or ______ and ______ driven. 3. An Os manage files and folder using file system. Two Windows file system are: - ___________- _____________ 4. How many mode the processor can operate? - 4- 1 - 2- 3

44. Copyright © 2007 - CIST 44 Question Questions? Video ‘chapter 2/Device w / Bundled software’ and now it’s time to practice