2. Aubree Ross & Rachel Buckway

3. A time of great change A period (1750 to 1850) where changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, transportation, and technology occurred Started in Great Britain, then spread to Western Europe, Northern America, Japan, and eventually the rest of the world Major turning point in history; Average income and population grew substantially.

4. US Industrialization After the Civil War, the US was largely an agricultural nation. 60 years later industry became the leading power of the world. Industrial boom factors: a wealth of natural resources, government support for business, and a growing urban population that provided both cheap labor and markets for new products.

5. Timeline: 1826- Photography 1831- Reaper 1837- Telegraph 1846- Sewing Machine 1860- Internal-Combustion engine 1867- Dynamite & Typewriter 1873- Electric Motor 1876- Telephone 1877- Phonograph 1879- Light Bulb 1895- Radio, Motion Pictures, X-Ray 1903- Airplane

6. “Black Gold” Eastern Natives American tribes made fuel and medicine from crude oil long before Europeans arrived on the continent but they didn’t have much other use for it. In the 1840’s Americans began using kerosene to light lamps after a scientist discovered how to distill the fuel from oil or coal. It wasn’t until a man named Edwin L. Drake successfully used a steam engine to remove oil from beneath the earth’s surface. This breakthrough started an oil boom that spread to many states. After the automobile became popular, gasoline became the most important form of oil.

7. Let there be light! In 1876 Thomas Edison established the first research laboratory in New Jersey He perfected the incandescent light bulb and later invented an entire system for producing and distributing electrical power. Another inventor added innovations that made electricity safer and less expensive Electric power ran numerous machines, from fans to printing presses Soon it became available in homes and spurred the invention of time- saving appliances

8. Communication Communication became easier during the Industrial Revolution. In the early 1800’s two men patented the first commercial electrical telegraph. By 1866, a telegraph cable was successfully laid across the Atlantic. Next to the light bulb, the most dramatic invention was the telephone – invented by Alexander Graham Bell. The telephone opened the way for a worldwide communications network.

9. Effect of new inventions… The typewriter and the telephone particularly affected office work and created new jobs for women. In 1870 women made up less than 5% of all office workers and by 1910 they accounted for nearly 40 percent of the clerical work force. New inventions also impacted factory work, as well as jobs that could be done from home. For example: women would sew at home but with industrialization clothing could be mass produced.

10. Quality of Life The Industrial Revolution raised the standard of living for many people, particularly the middle and upper classes. But life for the poor and working classes continued to be filled with challenges; Wages for those who labored in factories were low and working conditions could be very dangerous. Unskilled workers had little job security- they were essentially replaceable. Children were part of the labor force and often worked long hours and were often used for dangerous tasks like cleaning the machinery. Industrialization also meant that some craftspeople were replaced by machines. But by 1890, the average work week had been reduced by about ten hours.