1. Songhai

2. Page 27 Review Questions 1. How do rivers affect the development of civilizations? Rivers advance civilizations by affording transportation, producing fertile soil, producing grazing land for cattle, and providing water for drinking. 2. What part did the Berbers play in the history of Songhai? The Berber intermarried with blacks, they adopted the customs and worship the Songhai people. They merged with the inhabitants and became 1 people. 3. What part did Ali Kolon and Sulayman Mar play in the history of the Songhai? After the escape of the Songhai prince, one of them, Ali Kolon became ruler of the Songhai. He founded a new succession of rulers called the Sunni.

3. Page 29 Review Questions 1. Where was Jenne Located? Jenne was located 300 miles southwest Timbuktu. 2. Why was Jenne so important? Jenne was a beautiful city, it had a University where they researched medicines and had thousands of teachers. 3. How did the Songhai army finally gain control of Jenne? The Songhai army surrounded Jenne and starved the people into submission and surrender.

4. Page 29 Review Questions 4. For what was Timbuktu Known? Timbuktu was known for gold, beautiful women, and a center of learning. 5. What languages were read at the University of Sankore? The Languages were Greek and Roman Manuscripts. 6. What forms of pleasure did the Songhai people enjoy? They enjoyed music, dance, drama, fencing, poetry, gymnastics, and chess.

5. Page 29 Review Questions 7. What religion did Askia force upon his people? Islam 8. A. What religious title was conferred upon Askia? A. The Lieutenant of the Songhai Country 8. B. What was its significance? B. Token of respect and friendship 9. What events firmly established Songhai a the leading power of West Africa? The conquest of Sunni Ali

6. Page 30 True-False ___ 1. Justice was administered according to the rules of the Muslim religion. ___ 2. Askia was removed from office by one of his brothers. ___ 3. Askia died in the land to which he had fled in exile. ___ 4. The government of Songhai had a lower and higher court. ___ 5. When a territory was captured, the king of the territory was immediately dethroned. ___ 6. Askia conquered lands that had not been challenged by the empires of Mali. T F F T F T

7. Page 30 True-False ___ 7. Askia died at the age of 81. ___ 8. Askia respected his opponents and acted nobly when he was the conqueror. ___ 9. Songhai was subdivided into many sections each ruled by a governor. ___ 10. Some tribes of Songhai have decendants living in Africa today. ___ 11. Songhai could not navigate the waters around its kingdom because it lacked a navy. ___ 12. Songhai declined during the 16 th century. F T T T F F