1. Cold War Asia

2. Nationalist Movements Japanese Invasion initiates postwar nationalist movements – “Asia for Asians” Asian grudges against US Imperialism Philippines given independence – US maintained naval/air bases

3. Mortal Enemy to Cold War Ally Keystone in American control of Pacific US controlled Japan after WWII – 1947 parliamentary democracy – 1951 peace treaty: limited military capability Japan reliant on US

4. Chinese Struggle US Stable, dependable ally in China Supported Chiang Kai-shek Nationalists/ Kuomintang corrupt Kuomintang stockpiled US weapons to fight communists Soviets Secure border Keep China friendly but weak Restrain communist parties Chinese Communists Mao Zedong Strong political/military force Appealed to poor and landless

5. Two Chinas US Mediation- Wouldn’t share power US : Chiang can’t win Sent $3 billion Support from Congress/Media 1948 Nationalists retreat October 1 st 1949 Peoples Republic of China US recognize nationalist ignore Communist

6. Communists 1 - America 0 Communists defeat containment Truman didn’t see China as a key ingredient Mao signs Sino-Soviet treaty Mutual assistance to Soviet Union Soviet Atomic Bomb 1949

7. North Korean Sneak Attack June 25 th 1950 North Koreans cross 38 th Parallel Truman acted immediately- Naval and Air forces Special session UN Security Council US/Allied Troops protect Pusan Douglas MacArthur- Inchon amphibious landing

8. Truman throws the Gauntlet “The attack upon Korea makes it plain beyond all doubt that communism has passed beyond the use of subversion to conquer independent nations.” President acted without consulting Congress Fighting was, “solely for the purpose of restoring the Republic of Korea to its status prior to the invasion.” MacArthur promised victory by Christmas

9. “We face an entirely new war.” October 1950 US reaches Chinese/North Korean Border US/UN forces nearly driven out of North Korea McArthur criticized limited war – “There is no substitute for victory.” Truman fires McArthur

11. End of Combat 1953 armistice ended the violence Exchanged prisoners Divided at 38 th Parallel No Peace Treaty

12. Outcomes Executive Order 9981 Defense spending Militarization/globalization NATO strengthened US troops in Europe Charles Bohlen Korea important symbol