1. 3 – cold war spreads to Asia
China, Korea, Vietnam

2. Preview of Events 1946 October 1949 September 1949 June 1950
French-Vietminh War begins
People’s Republic of china established
Soviets enter Nuclear Arms race
Korean War begins

3. Civil War and Revolution in China
REVIEW: #41
1920s – Mao Zedong leads communist forces
Against Chiang Kai Shek – leader of China’s Nationalist gov’t
During WWII – set aside civil war to resist Japanese occupation
End WWII – Civil war continues
Mao makes great gains – still doesn’t succeed

4. Civil War and Revolution in China cont.
Mid-1940s – US sends $2 billion in aid to Nationalists
Money was wasted b/c of poor military planning and corruption
By 1949 – US discontinued aid to Chinese Nationalists
October 1949 – Communists win = establishes People’s Republic of China
Nationalist leaders flee to Taiwan (AKA Formosa)

5. After The Fall of China America shocked by China’s fall to communism
REVIEW: #11
America shocked by China’s fall to communism
September 1949
Soviets announce successful atomic bomb test
Soviets enter Nuclear Arms Race
Early 1950s
People’s Republic of China & Soviet Union sign treaty Friendship and Alliance
Western leaders fear that China and Soviet Union support communist revolutions in other nations
US kept formal relations with Nationalists
US used veto powers to keep New Communist China out of UN

6. After Fall of China cont.
REVIEW: #36
Chinese revolution brought significant change in American policy toward Japan at end of WWII
Douglas MacArthur took charge of Japan – introduce democracy
After loss of China  moved towards rapid recovery of Japan’s industrial economy
Japan = key to defend Asia
West Germany = Key to defend Europe

7. Beginning of Korean War
End of WWII  US and USSR forces enter Korea to disarm Japanese troops
Allies divide Korea at the 38th parallel of latitude
North Korea
South Korea
Controlled by Soviets
Communist Korean government
American troops stationed
American-backed government

8. Beginning of Korean War cont.
REVIEW: #20
Problems
Both governments claimed authority
Border clashes were common
Soviets gave North Koreans military aid  quickly built large, well equipped army
June 20, 1950 = North Korean troops invade south

9. UN Intervenes
REVIEW: #21
Truman  saw North Korean invasion as test of containment policy
Ordered US naval and air power into action
Truman called UN to act
Call was successful because Soviet delegates were boycotting the security council over policy on China  not present to veto American proposal
General Douglas MacArthur was ordered to send troops from Japan to Korea
US troops and South Korean troops able to resist Korean onslaught at Pusan Perimeter = bought time for MacArthur
I’m coming!

10. Attacks on North Korea September 15, 1950
MacArthur ordered an invasion behind enemy lines of Inchon = took North Koreans by surprise
Within weeks  North Koreans full retreat across 38th
Truman ordered to pursue beyond 38th
MacArthur pushes North Koreans to Yalu River

11. China Enters the War Communist Chinese feared advancing UN troops
Warned forces to halt = was ignored
November 1950 – China launch massive attack across Yalu River
100,000 Chinese troops flooded  drove UN forces back
MacArthur was angry, wanted approval to expand war against China  asked to blockade Chinese ports, use Nationalist forces, and use the atomic bomb

12. Truman Fires MacArthur
REVIEW: #36
Truman refuses MacArthur’s demands
MacArthur persisted  publicly criticized president
Truman wanted to show that president was in charge
April 1951 – Fires MacArthur for insubordination
MacArthur remained popular – returned a hero

13. Changes in Truman’s Policy
REVIEW: #22
Matthew Ridgway replaces MacArthur
By mid-1951 UN forces push Chinese and North Korean forces back across 38th parallel
War settled down – still small battles
November 1951 – peace negotiations began, but war did not end
Beginning of Korean War marked important turning point in the Cold War
Before Korean War
After Korean War
US preferred political pressure
US focused on Europe in containing communism
Cold War expanded in Asia
US became militarily involved in Asia

14. Intro to First Indochina War
REVIEW: #38, 23
French Occupation – Early 17th century French colonization
Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos = French Indochina
Early 1990s
Nationalism became a powerful force in Vietnam
Several political parties formed to push for independence or reform the French colonial government
Ho Chi Minh
One of the nationalist leaders
At 21  sailed for Europe
Visited Soviet Union  found communism

15. Intro to First Indochina War
REVIEW: #25
1930
Returned to SE Asia and founded Indochinese communist party = worked to overthrow French
Became a wanted man fled and spent years exiled in Soviet Union and China
1941
Returned to Japanese occupied Vietnam
Ho Chi Minh organized nationalist group called Vietminh
Group united communists and non-communists to fight Japanese
US began sending military aid to Vietminh

16. Intro to First Indochina War cont.
August 1945
Japanese surrendered control of Indochina
Ho Chi Minh announced that Vietnam was an independent nation
Created a Declaration of Independence = similar to American Declaration of Independence
French refused to see Vietnam become independent  wanted to regain colonial empire in SE Asia
1946
French troops returned to Vietnam and pushed Vietminh forces into hiding in countryside
1949
French officials set up new government in Vietnam
Vietminh fought back
Fighting escalated = France asked US for aid

17. Intro to First Indochinese war
REVIEW: #26
Truman administration
United States was in difficult position
Was opposed of colonialism
Also opposed of Vietnam’s independence movement due to ties with communist movement
2 events convinced Truman to help France
Fall of China to communism
Outbreak of Korean War

18. Causes and Effects of the Cold War
Marshall Plan provides aid to Western Europe
Western nations form NATO; Communist nations form Warsaw Pact
Korean War erupts
American and Soviet arms race begins
Red Scare leads to hunt for Communists in US
CAUSES
Soviet Union controls Eastern Europe after WWII
Chinese Communists win control of China
US and Soviet Union explode atomic bomb