1. Immigrants and Minorites
In Canada in the 20th Century

2. Canadian Immigration Essay Questions:
To what extent has intolerance been an issue in Canada throughout the 20th century?
Explain the social changes that occurred in Canada after World War Two. Use examples from
Textbook Pages:
177, 211 (timeline), 246

3. Chinese Head Tax (es) Head taxes applied to Chinese immigrants
Not applied to immigrants from Europe
Tax steadily increases into the 1920’s
Law finally passed that prohibited immigration from China

4. Continuous Passage Act and the Komagata Maru
Continuous Passage Act would not allow immigrants from nations where ships could not make the trip without stopping
Targeted at India
Komagata Maru brought Sikhs from India
Turned back
Canada has since apologized

5. SS St Louis SS St Louis Ship with Jewish Refugees from Germany
Turned away from Cuba and US
Canada last chance
Turned away due to anti- semitism even though heading back to Nazi Germany
Most on board were killed in concentration camps

6. Japanese Internment
Any person of Japanese heritage – including Canadian Citizens – living on the coast of BC were forced into Internment Camps in the interior of BC
Due to racism and fear of espionage (spies)
Many were not released until 1948
Did not get businesses or homes back
Canada has apologized and paid compensation (as well as allowed repatriation of those who lost citizenship

7. Canada’s Doors begin to open after WW2
Canada opens up to immigration from Europe after WW2
Refugees from the war
Racist immigration policies begin to change

8. Multiculturalism Canada became multicultural in the 1970’s
1971-Trudau declared that Canada would be a multicultural country.
Brian Mulroney – 1982 – official multicultural act
Canada accepts that it is a mosaic of different cultures and each has its place
-All citizens are equal and have the freedom to preserve, enhance and share their cultural heritage.
-Multiculturalism promotes the full and equitable participation of individuals and communities of all origins in all aspects of Canadian society.

9. The Points System 1967
Canada’s new immigration policy attempts to have no discrimination
Points given to immigrants based on:
Education
Career expertise
Language ability
etc

10. Refugee Policies
Canada allows many refugees to be first in line to immigrate to Canada
Refugee is a person seeking refuge (safety) from their own country
Canada received the Nansen Medal for its efforts with refugees

11. Apologies and Compensation
In the last two decades the Canadian Government has recognized the wrongs of racist policies in the past
Apologies and compensation for:
Head taxes
Japanese Internment
Komagata Maru incident