1. Global History and Geography Regents Review- Unit 2 Section 1 1

2. During Gupta Rule, the people of India  Experienced peace and prosperity under a strong government  Were influenced greatly by Hindu ideas  Produced many achievements in the arts and sciences 2

3.  Gupta Dynasty  Pataliputra  Untouchables  Joint Families  Patriarchal  Decimal System  Arabic Numerals  Stupas 3

4.  The Maurya Dynasty and the Gupta Dynasty were the only early Indian Civilizations to unite the subcontinent under single rule.  Mountains protected both from foreign invaders  The Indus and Ganges Rivers provided water and fertile soil.  The Gupta period was peaceful and prosperous for India 4

5. Kabul Indus River Narbada River Ganges River Himalayas Deccan Plateau Gupta These empires ruled in parts of what is now India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, and Nepal 5

6.  The Gupta Emperors established a stable centralized government but also shared power with local leaders to help control the land. Only the most respected in society served on the local councils. 6

7.  The Caste System: Dominated local villages. People strongly followed the ideas of Karma and Dharma.  Those in the higher castes had to follow very strict rules to avoid being CONTAMINATED by the Untouchables who were the lowest caste and lived very harsh lives.  The Untouchables did work that was considered unclean like cleaning the streets and digging graves. 7

8. Impact of Hinduism on Gupta Life Caste System Flowering of Cultural Life Intellectual Achievements 8

9.  Patriarchal Structure: Father or oldest male as head of household. Parents, children, grandparents, uncles, and their children shared common homes.  Children and Marriage: Marriages were arranged by parents. Hindu law required people to marry in their own caste.  Role of Women: Upper class women were restricted to their homes and if they had to go out they were forced to cover themselves from head to foot. Lower class women worked the fields. 9

10.  Mathematics:  Developed the concept of zero and the decimal system based on the number 10.  Developed Arabic numerals: 0123456789  Medicine  Used herbs and other remedies  Ability to set broken bones  Repair injuries with plastic surgery  Vaccinated people against smallpox 10

11.  Architecture:  Built stone Hindu Temples  Carvings of Gods and Goddesses  Buddhist built Stupas which were large dome shaped shrines that contained the remains of holy people  Literature:  Fables and Folktales were written and passed throughout Persia, Egypt, and Greece 11

12.  The Gupta Empire lasted 200 years:  Weak rulers and foreign invaders known as the White Huns from central Asia destroyed villages and disrupted Gupta trade. 12

13. Gupta Empire Buddha Statue 13

14. Gupta Hindu Temple 14