1. CONDITIONALS: Zero – First – Second

2. If + Present TensePresent Tense you heat water to 100 degrees, IF you eat too much, it boils. you become fat. The zero conditional is a structure that we use for talking about general truths or things which always happen under certain conditions. ZERO CONDITIONAL-REAL Situation

3. FIRST CONDITIONAL –REAL Possibility -We form the first conditional (conditional 1) if + present simple + will. We use conditional 1 to talk about things that will probably happen in the present or future. In the main clause, use might / may / can / could instead of WILL for an uncertain result, and use SHOULD for advice. If I save enough money, I ’ ll buy an iPod. (I need to save – then I ’ ll buy it.) -We form the first conditional (conditional 1) if + present simple + will. We use conditional 1 to talk about things that will probably happen in the present or future. In the main clause, use might / may / can / could instead of WILL for an uncertain result, and use SHOULD for advice. If I save enough money, I ’ ll buy an iPod. (I need to save – then I ’ ll buy it.)

4. A first conditional describes a real or likely situation. A present tense is used after if, but the time referred to is the future. Will/Won't are common in the result clause. If you fall, I won't be able to catch you! This means that there is a real possibility this will happen. Going to can be used instead of will. If it rains, we're going to get wet. The modal verb can is also common in first conditional sentences. If the cases are too heavy, I can help you carry them. A first conditional describes a real or likely situation. A present tense is used after if, but the time referred to is the future. Will/Won't are common in the result clause. If you fall, I won't be able to catch you! This means that there is a real possibility this will happen. Going to can be used instead of will. If it rains, we're going to get wet. The modal verb can is also common in first conditional sentences. If the cases are too heavy, I can help you carry them.

5. SECOND CONDITIONAL –UNREAL or HYPOTHETICAL Situations We use “Second Conditional” to express: Imaginary (hypothetical) or unreal situation which is unlikely to happen in the present or future. In the main clause, use might / could for an uncertain result. We use “Second Conditional” to express: Imaginary (hypothetical) or unreal situation which is unlikely to happen in the present or future. In the main clause, use might / could for an uncertain result.

6. IF+ PAST SIMPLE WOULD/COULD/MIGHT + INFINITIVE If clause Main clause *** If I had a lot of money, I would buy a house. (but I don’t have a lot of money. Here we refer to the present) *** If my car broke down, I would take the bus. (I don’t expect my car to break down. Here we refer to the future) IF+ PAST SIMPLE WOULD/COULD/MIGHT + INFINITIVE If clause Main clause *** If I had a lot of money, I would buy a house. (but I don’t have a lot of money. Here we refer to the present) *** If my car broke down, I would take the bus. (I don’t expect my car to break down. Here we refer to the future)

7. Unless means If... not and can not be used for hypothetical situations. Unless you leave at once, I'll call the police. If you don't leave at once, I'll call the police. Provided you leave now, you'll catch the train. On condition that you teach me Turkish, I will teach you English. As long as I am healthy, I will continue working. Unless means If... not and can not be used for hypothetical situations. Unless you leave at once, I'll call the police. If you don't leave at once, I'll call the police. Provided you leave now, you'll catch the train. On condition that you teach me Turkish, I will teach you English. As long as I am healthy, I will continue working. ALTERNATIVES TO IF: Use providing, provided (that), on condition that, (less formally) as long as  to mean if and only if.

8. With the imperative It is common to use the imperative instead of if. Get me some cigarettes, and I'll pay you later. With should We can use should instead of if in a conditional sentence. It means if by any chance... and makes the action less likely. Should you see John, can you give him a message? With the imperative It is common to use the imperative instead of if. Get me some cigarettes, and I'll pay you later. With should We can use should instead of if in a conditional sentence. It means if by any chance... and makes the action less likely. Should you see John, can you give him a message?

9. Spoken Grammar: In spoken English suppose / supposing, imagine instead of if is used to emphasise the “imagining”. Suppose you lost your wallet, what would you do? Supposing I don’t have to work on 24th April, I will come to see you. Imagine they didn’t show up at your wedding, would you feel sad? In spoken English suppose / supposing, imagine instead of if is used to emphasise the “imagining”. Suppose you lost your wallet, what would you do? Supposing I don’t have to work on 24th April, I will come to see you. Imagine they didn’t show up at your wedding, would you feel sad?