1. Brazil
Chapter 10, Section 4

2. Vocabulary
Treaty of Tordesillas
Carnival
samba
capoeira

3. A Napoleon’s Army invaded Portugal in 1807, the Portuguese royal family packed up and moved their capital to their American colony, Brazil. Being the Center of the Brazilian Empire, gave Brazilians a sense of independence and national unity.
A Human Perspective

4. History: A Divided Continent
Treaty of Tordesillas
1 to 5 million natives of hundreds of tribal groups
Sugar
Slaves
Independence
Portugal was given right to one-half of the world via the Treaty of Tordesillas, signed in 1494.
This superceded the Papal Line of 1493.
Various estimates of the native population of Brazil range from 1 to 5 million. Hundreds of tribes and groups.
The Portuguese first hoped to find gold, but then cleared forests for sugar plantations.
Portuguese settlement was along the coast. Like elsewhere as they attempted to establish sugar plantations, native populations did not fit the bill (or died). The result: they brought in African slaves. Today Brazilians are mixed African, European, and native.
After the Napoleonic conquest of the Iberian Peninsula, Portugal’s hold on its colonies was brought into duress. In 1822, Brazilians successfully petitioned the son of the Portuguese king, Dom Pedro, to rule Brazil as an independent country. He declared Brazil independent.

5. How is Brazil’s population similar to that of the USA?
A National Culture
Brazilian blend of culture
200,000 Native Amazonians
Nation of immigrants
Portuguese
Catholic
A capital idea
Brazil has done better at blending its mix of groups than many other areas of South America (Portuguese, African and Native).
Today, there are about 200,000 natives, mostly in the Amazon.
Brazil has, like the USA, become a nation of immigrants (Portugal, Germany, Italy, Spain, Lebanon, Syria, And has the largest Japanese outside Japan.
Portuguese is the main language, Catholicism (20 % Protestant). Some Candomble, especially among those of African or mixed ancestry.
In 1957, built a new city in the interior, 600 mile from the ocean, to draw people into the interior from the crowded eastern coast. In 1960, the capital was moved to Brasilia from rio De Janeiro.
How is Brazil’s population similar to that of the USA?

6. An Economic Giant Awakens
10th ranked economy
Large, so many resources
Energy resources
Industrial
Movement to cities
Movement to the interior
Brazil’s economy is tenth ranked in the world.
Because it is large, Brazil has great economic potential. (Iron ore, bauxite, tin and manganese, gold, silver tungsten, quartz)
It may rivers give it high potential for hydroelectricity and it also has oil and natural gas reserves.
It is the most industrialized of the South American countries, with steel and automobile manufacture. 50% of its cars run on ethanol.
Vast gap between rich and poor, increasing urbanization has caused squalor in the favelas.
The number of people who live in cities grew from 22% in 1960 to 75% in 1995.
Because 80% of the people live within 200 miles of the seas, the government is encouraging people to migrate to the cerrados, the fertile grasslands, similar to the Great Plains.

7. How does poverty affect democracy?
Brazilian Life Today
Carnival
Capoeira
Rio
Favelas
Brazil is known for Carnival, like Mardi Gras. Samba is the preferred music.
Capoeira is a martial art disguised as dance.
Brasilia is the governmental capital, Sao Paulo is the economic heart, but Rio is the cultural center.
Sugarloaf, Guanabara Bay, Copacabana, and Corcovado.
Life in the favelas can be treacherous.
How does poverty affect democracy?

8. 10. For what is Dom Pedro known in Brazilian history?
a. He discovered Brazil for the Portuguese.
b. He was the Prince of Portugal that declared Brazil independent under his rule.
c. He invented rubber
d. He played for Brazil’s first World Cup Champion

9. 11. What are the slums of Brazil called?
a. Ghetinhos
b. Yanomamis
c. Sambas
d. Favelas

10. 12. Most people in Brazils live in...
a. areas within 200 miles of the sea.
b. the Amazon Basin
c. the cerrados
d. the Andes