2. The Great War The War’s Impact

3. Allied Victory  U.S., Great Britain, France, Russia/USSR defeat Central Powers (Germany, Austria, Ottoman Turks)  The Selective Service was created to efficiently conscript soldiers for the War. (Will be revived for WWII.)

4. Treaty of Versailles Germany takes full blame ( “ War guilt ” ) Germany pays huge reparations to Allies Germany must disarm Some new nations created (self- determination) League of Nations created U.S. Congress refused to ratify the treaty due to League of Nations clause.

5. Europe before WWIEurope after WWI

6. Reflection Predict: What do you think will be the EFFECTS of the Treaty of Versailles? Consider: – United States’ response – Reaction of Germany – Rebuilding of Europe

7. Learning Targets 1.Review the resulting Treaty of Versailles and critique it: Was the treaty fair? 2.Describe why the Treaty of Versailles failed. 3.Create a political cartoon which showcases a failure of the Treaty of Versailles.

8. The Failure of Treaty of Versailles 1. “War-guilt” clause a. Germans held responsible for war b. Hitler able to rise to power with promises to restore Germany to greatness

9. 2. Economic disaster for Germany a. Result of paying huge reparations b. Lost great deal of land c. Hitler promises to fix it German woman feeds cash into stove instead of using it

10. 3. Russia unhappy with Treaty a. Not invited to peace conference b. Lost land and wanted it back The “ Big Four ” —leaders of England, Italy, France and U.S. decide Treaty

11. 4. League of Nations a. U.S. never joined; Russia and Germany not allowed in b. Members did not enforce resolutions c. Did not have power to stop German aggression during 1930s d. U.S. never ratifies Treaty of Versailles as a result.

12. An Economy in Turmoil  Inflation & cost of living rise  General Strikes – Boston - Policemen

13.  Fear of Communism  Strikes were connected to Communist takeover.  Bombings bring fear  Palmer Raids  Creation of the FBI The Red Scare

14. Racial Unrest  Great Migration to north  Competition now with returning soldiers over jobs and housing.  1919 – 20 race riots  Chicago - 15 whites and 23 black dead, 500 injured

15. No Lasting Peace  14 points turns into Treaty of Versailles – harshest treaties ever  Leads to rise of Hitler and WWII  Wilson dies broken man  However, his great legacy – League of Nations -> United Nations post WWII

16. Amer. Imperialism Review  Generally – expanding American Economy  China – Open Door (more trade for U.S. and all nations), Boxer Rebellion backlash  SPAM – U.S. tariff on sugar, U.S.S. Maine, Yellow Journalism – Protectorates Puerto Rico & Guam – Cuba and Philippines but…

17. Cuba  Independence however… – Platt Amendment basically makes island a protectorate – Policies have to be okayed by US first – Land for Guantanamo Bay for U.S. military base

18. Philippines  Colony – Stepping stone for trade with China – New market for U.S. goods – Given full independence only after WWII

19. Others  Dominican Republic (Debts)  Hawaii (Sugar)  Panama (Canal)