1. Review
Atmosphere & Weather

2. 6-4.1 Atmospheric Layers 6-4.2 Water Cycle 6-4.3 Clouds
Name the atmospheric layers from Earth’s surface outward & name an object for each layer.
troposphere(weather/planes) stratosphere(ozone) mesosphere(meteors) thermosphere( 18000C , space shuttles/satellites)
What are the two most common gases found throughout all the layers?
nitrogen & oxygen
Name the form of oxygen found in the stratosphere.
ozone
What are the important gases for weather conditions that are found in the troposphere?
water vapor & carbon dioxide
What do we call all of the gases like carbon dioxide, argon and other gases that make up 1% of the atmospheric gases?
trace gases

3. What separates the atmospheric layers?
differences in temperatures
As altitude __________, temperature ____________ in the troposphere.
increases decreases
The ______________ is cold except in the upper region where the ozone is
located.
stratosphere
The ______________ is the coldest layer.
mesophere
The air is very _________________ in the THERMOSPHERE and it is very ______.
thin hot
The cold regions of outer space extend from the ____________.
exosphere
____ ______ is the force exerted by the gases pushing on an object.
air pressure

4. Air pressure is greatest in the _________________.
troposphere
Air pressure ______________ through the layers farther out from the surface as Earth’s pull of ______________ decreases.
decreases gravity
Pressure __________________ as you move from the troposphere to the exosphere.
decreases
________ is always moving between the troposphere and the surface of Earth.
water
Condensation is forming ________.
Clouds
The forms of precipitation are __________,______,______,____,&_______.
rain, snow, freezing rain, sleet, & hail
Temperature variations within _______ and Earth allows for forms of precipitation.
clouds

5. The two ways water enters the atmosphere are _______&_______.
evaporation transpiration
____________ is plants releasing water vapor.
transpiration
22. Water vapor changing to water droplets is called __________________.
condensation
_________ is formed when water vapor condenses directly onto surfaces.
dew
________ is formed when water vapor changes from gas to ice crystals.
frost
_____________ is when precipitation that falls on land surfacesattempts to move back toward sea level as surface-water flow or groundwater flow.
run-off
26. Water will remain on the surface when the surface is not _______ or the precipitation is falling too fast to sink into the ground.
porous

6. Water will sink into the ground when the ground surface is porous and there is lots of ________ in the soil to hold the water.
space
Clouds are classified into ________ major groups.
three
_____________ clouds form at medium or low elevations and are puffy with flat bottoms.
cumulus
When cumulus clouds are white they signal_______ weather, but when they are darker, they may signal _______ or _________.
fair rain thunderstorms
___________ clouds form at medium or low elevations and are spread out layer upon layer.
stratus
As stratus clouds ________, __________ usually occurs over that area.
thicken precipitation
_________ means rain.
nimbus

7. 34. Name two cloud with the prefix “nimbus”
cumulonimbus nimbostratus
A _________ cloud is also called a thunderhead, is oftne part of thunderstorm conditions that may accompany a _____ ______.
cumulonimbus cold front
Alto means _______ level.
medium
Name two clouds with the prefix alto.
altocumulus altostratus
Clouds that form when condensation occurs near the ground are called _____.
fog
________ ________ are huge bodies of air that form over water or land in tropical or polar regions
air masses
_______ and _______ within the air masses are important in air masses.
temperature humidity

8. 6-4.4 Air Masses,pressure sys&fronts 6-4.5 Tools 6-4.5 Weather data
41. As air masses move and collide with each other, ________ form at the boundaries between them.
fronts
42.Name the four types of fronts.
warm cold stationary occluded
43.When a warm air mass rides over a cold air mass, long periods of _____ and warmer temperatures may occur.
precipitation
44. When a cold air mass slides under a warm air mass, _________and sometimes __________ and cooler temperatures may occur.
thunderstorms tornadoes
45. When neither a cold air mass nor a warm air mass moves at a frontal boundary, the result is a __________ _______ and may produce long periods of ____________
stationary front precipitation
46. When a cold air mass pushes into a warm air mass that is behind a cool air mass the warm air mass is pushed up above the cooler air mass. An_________ _________ occurs and a long period of _______ are produced.
occluded front precipitation
Warm air _____ and cold air _______ combined with the spinning of Earth causes the air to spin forming high & low _____ regions.
rising sinking pressure

9. 48. _______ pressure systems usually signal fair weather with winds moving clockwise.
high
______ pressure systems usually signal stormy weather with winds moving counter clockwise.
low
When pressure differences occur, severe weather conditions called ______.
storms
___________ can form in cumulonimbus clouds; usually along a cold front but can form within an air mass.
thunderstorm
______ is a rapidly moving funnel-shaped cloud that extends down from a storm cloud.
tornado
_______ is a low pressure tropical storm that forms over warm ocean water.The lower the pressure in the center of this storm, the faster the winds blow towards the center of the storm.
hurricane

10. 54. ________ is a condition of Earth’s atmosphere at any time.
weather
55. Fair weather, showers, light rain, humid conditions, clear skies with cold conditions, days of precipitation, or others that involve storms are all weather _____________
conditions
________ A tool used to measure wind speed.
anemometer
___________ or _____________a tool used to measure wind direction.
wind vane wind sock
Wind direction is described by the direction from which the wind is _______.
blowing
_________ is a tool used to measure air temperature.
thermometer
__________ A two- thermometer instrument also referred to as a wet-dry bulb used to measure relative humidity.
sling psychrometer

11. 61. Temperature readings on a sling psychrometer are converted using a ________ ________ table.
relative humidity
__________ is a tool used to measure air pressure.
barometer
________ is a tool used to measure the amount of precipitation.
rain gauge
________ ________ and patterns can be predicted based on weather data collected from various sources.
weather conditions
________________ observe and measure basic weather conditions at national weather data collection sites.
meteorologists
In order to make weather predictions, the __________ should be collected on a regular basis over a period of time.
data
Patterns in weather conditions can be developed from the __________ of data.
analysis

12. 68. Meteorologists can predict the path of a hurricane by using data plotted over time on a ______________ tracking map.
hurricane
__________ are used on weather maps to indicate high and low pressure systems.
isobars
_________ are used on a weather map to indicate temperature ranges.
isotherms
________ ________ from specific locations provide information that can be used to predict weather patterns.
station models
The information on a station model can include_________,________,______ and______, _______or _________.
cloud cover temperature wind direction speed precipitation, barometric pressure
Satellite images are used to see _____ ________ and _______.
cloud patterns movements

13. 74. Radar images can be used to detect _____ _______,________, ________ _________, ____________ and _________as well as the potential for ___________ weather.
cloud cover rainfall storm location intensity movement severe
Sun heating Land & Water Convection Global winds
The source for heating the Earth and circulating Earth’s atmosphere comes from the ______________.
Sun
Some of the Sun’s energy coming through Earth’s atmosphere is ___________ or ____________ by gases and/or clouds.
reflected or absorbed
The _____ heats up and releases its heat fairly quickly, but the ______ needs to absorb lots of solar energy to warm up.
land water
The ________ on Earth helps to regulate the temperature range of Earth’s atmosphere.
water

14. 79. ____________________ is the process of heat from the Sun moving back into the troposphere where it cannot get through the atmosphere and is trapped.
greenhouse effect
Warm air near the Earth’s surface rises and then cools and drops, this creats a _________ ________ in the atmosphere.
convection current
The three atmospheric convection areas are_________ , _______, & ________.
tropical temperature polar
Convection happens on a global scale in the atmosphere and causes ______ _________.
global winds
Global winds move _______ ______ and surface _______ _______ in particular direction.
weather systems ocean currents
Due to the spinning of Earth, weather systems move in certain directions because of ___________ ______ __________.
global wind belts

15. Convection currents near bodies of water can cause local winds known as __________ ____________ and _______ ___________.
land breezes sea breezes
The ______ ________ of Earth’s oceans circulate warm and cold ocean waters in convection patterns and influence the weather and climate of the land masses nearby.
surface currents
The _______ Gulf Stream current influences the eastern Atlantic shoreline of the US.
warm
88. The _______ California current influences the Pacific shoreline.
cold
The unequal heating of Earth causes ______ _______(tropical,temperature, polar)
climate zones
90. Climate is related to_______regions at various latitudes.
convection

16. Climate is related to ________ differences between the equator and the poles.
temperature
Climate is related to ________ and ______ surface ocean currents.
warm cold
_______ _______ are found in each convection region.
global winds
Because convection cells are in place in the atmosphere and earth is spinning on its axis, the global winds appear to curve. This is known as the __________ ________.
Coriolis effect
The global wind belt regions, the prevailing direction of the winds and how air moves affect ______ _________.
weather conditions
_______ _________ blow from east to west in the tropical region moving warm tropical air in that climate zone.
trade winds

17. 97. The prevailing _______ ___________ blow from west to east in the temperature region.
westerly winds
The temperate zone temperatures are affected most by _____ __________.
changing seasons
The US is in the ______ wind belt.
westerly
100. The weather sytems move across the country from _____ to ________.
west east
Tropical weather systems, like hurricanes are moved by prevailing ____ _____.
trade winds
The______ ______ blow northeast to west in the polar region.
polar winds
103. ___ ______ A fast moving ribbon of air that moves from west to east in the Northern Hemisphere around Earth.
jet stream

18. The _______ _______ _______ can bring down cold polar conditions from the north.
polar jet stream
105. The _______ _____ ______ can bring warm tropical conditions from the south(in the northern hemisphere).
subtropical jet stream