3.  The basic unit of all matter  Small in size

5.  Proton  Neutron  Electron

7.  Proton and Neutron – NUCLEUS of the atom (center)  Electrons – found rapidly moving in energy levels (energy clouds)

9.  Proton = Positive (+)  Neutron = Neutral (0)  Electron = Negative (e-)

11.  Proton  Neutron  Remember – the electrons are SOOOO LIGHT that they are not part of the mass (atomic weight)

13.  There is an equal number of protons and electrons  If there are more protons – then the atom would have an overall POSITIVE charge  If there are more electrons – then the atom would have an overall NEGATIVE charge

14.  Use the terms ◦ Symbol ◦ Atomic Weight (Mass) ◦ Atomic Number

15. A Atomic Number Symbol Atomic Weight (mass)

17.  Hydrogen  Oxygen  Nitrogen  Carbon  There is also phosphorus and sulfur, but I only want you to focus on the four listed above.

18.  The symbol for Krypton is  The mass number for Calcium is  The atomic number for Beryllium is

19.  The symbol for Krypton is Kr  The mass number for Calcium is  The atomic number for Beryllium is 4

21.  The number of molecules present  LARGE NUMBER written before the element symbol  Ex: 4CO 2  There are 4 molecules of carbon dioxide

23.  The number of atoms present  SMALL NUMBER written within the chemical formula  Ex: 4CO 2  There are 8 atoms of oxygen  Remember to distribute (4 x 2=8)

24.  5C 2 H 4  How many molecules are present?  How many atoms of Carbon are present?  How many atoms of Hydrogen are present?  How many TOTAL atoms are present?

25.  5C 2 H 4  How many molecules are present? 5  How many atoms of Carbon are present? 10 (5x2 – remember to distribute)  How many atoms of Hydrogen are present? 20 (5x4 – remember to distribute)  How many TOTAL atoms are present? 30 (distribute and then add up) (5x2) = 10 (5x4) = 20 10 + 20 = 30

26.  A. Electrons  B. Protons  C. Neutrons  D. Valence Electrons

27.  A. Electrons  B. Protons  C. Neutrons  D. Valence Electrons  Choice D is the most accurate answer here

28. A. Gained B. Lost C. Shared

29. A. Gained B. Lost C. Shared

31.  In the outermost energy level of an atom

33.  8 electrons!

35.  8 – OCTET rule ◦ The outermost energy level will be complete when it contains 8 electrons. ◦ Atoms will gain/lose/share electrons to reach this stability!  ****EXCEPTION**** ◦ Hydrogen and Helium follow the DUET RULE (can only have 2 electrons in the outermost shell to be stable and unreactive)

36. A. Carbon B. Neon C. Helium D. Magnesium

37. A. Carbon – 4 opportunities to bond (vacancies) B. Neon C. Helium D. Magnesium – 6 opportunities to bond (vancancies) Neon is stable because it is a noble gas – already has 8 electrons Helium is stable because it is also a noble gas – but follows duet rule so it has 2 electrons

38.  Single Bond  Double Bond  Triple Bond

39.  Single Bond ◦ Atoms share 2 electrons (1 pair)  Double Bond ◦ Atoms share 4 electrons (2 pairs)  Triple Bond ◦ Atoms share 6 electrons (3 pairs)

41.  Types of Elements  Number of atoms  Location of atoms Example –  1 Oxygen  2 Hydrogen

43.  COVALENT BONDS  SHARING OF ATOMS!!

44.  Phosphorus  Hydrogen  Nitrogen  Oxygen

45.  Phosphorus  Hydrogen  Nitrogen  Oxygen

47.  WATER

51.  Changes or transforms one set of chemicals into another  CHANGES to the BONDS – breaking and reforming bonds

52.  Reactants  Products

53.  Reactants ◦ ENTER into a chemical reaction (before the arrow)  Products ◦ PRODUCED by a chemical reaction (after the arrow)

54.  Reactants  Products  Coefficients  Subscripts

55.  C - Reactants  D - Products  A - Coefficients  B – Subscripts  Reactants REACTto produce PRODUCTS

57.  Matter cannot be created nor destroyed  Arrangement of atoms is what is changed  Reactants must equal products

58.  Na + Cl 2  NaCl

59.  ANSWER - NO  2Na + Cl 2  2NaCl