1. Circulatory system disorders Arteriosclerosis - describes various disorders in which walls of the arteries thicken and become harder - common type is artheriosclerosis in which plaque (fatty deposits, calcium, etc.) builds up - can cause blood clots, heart attack, stroke (when plaque ruptures)

2. Artheriosclerosis – what to do? - - Prevent the formation of clots (e.g. aspirin) - - angioplasty- tube in clogged artery - - coronary bypass – healthy artery replaced clogged one (or several)

3. Aneurysm - a weakened area in an arterial wall - environmental and genetic causes - a burst aneurysm leads to internal bleeding, often death Treated by removal and grafting a ‘patch’ of synthetic material

4. Arrythmia - problem with the speed or rhythn of the heartbeat -can lead to insufficient blood supply to brain or other organs Treated with medication or implanting an artificial pacemaker that transmits an electrical impulse when heartbeat is abnormal

6. Disorders of the blood Hemophilia – insufficient or missing clotting proteins (Factor VIII) in the blood - - inherited, life-threatening - - can be treated with injections of Factor VIII

7. Anemia – blood contains fewer than normal healthy red blood cells - - Caused by blood loss or red blood cells that don’t contain enough hemoglobin - - usually mild (fatigue, headaches, cold hands and feet, etc.) - - if chronic – could be deadly

8. Leukemia – cancer of WBC or leukocytes - Two types (myeloid (too many leukocytes) and lymphatic (cancer of lymphocytes) - -can be sudden and quick death - -treated by blood transfusions, bone marrow transplant and chemotherapy

9. Lymphatic System

11. The Lymphatic system A complex network of organs that work to rid the body of infection  Lymph, a transparent fluid that contains white blood cells (leukocytes), circulates through us  It filters out and engulfs foreign bodies (ex. bacteria, viruses) Macrophages: white blood cells that seek and destroy foreign cells

12. Components of the lymphatic system Bone marrow – all type of blood cells are manufactured here Spleen – just below the diaphragm; a reservoir for blood and filters lymph Thymus gland – in front of the trachea; where lymphocytes mature