1. Classification
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2. Important Vocabulary 1. Taxonomy: science of classification
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Important Vocabulary
1. Taxonomy: science of classification
Binomial nomenclature: two name naming system
Prokaryotic: cells without nucleus
Eukaryotic: cells with a nucleus
Autotroph: organism capable capturing energy from sunlight or chemicals & produces its own food
Heterotroph: organism that obtains its energy from food it consumes

3. Finding Order in Diversity
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Finding Order in Diversity
1. Why Classify?
To study the diversity of life
Taxonomy: science of classification
2. Why organisms are given scientific names--
Common names are misleading
jellyfish
silverfish
star fish
None of these animals are fish!
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4. Why Scientists Assign Scientific Names to Organisms
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Why Scientists Assign Scientific Names to Organisms
Some organisms have several common names
This cat is commonly known as:
Florida panther
Mountain lion
Puma
Cougar
Scientific name: Felis concolor
Scientific name means “coat of one color”
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5. Aristotle: The First to Classify
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Aristotle: The First to Classify
1. Aristotle: 1st to classify
Divided organisms into 2 groups --
Plant or animal
Divided animals into 2 groups--
Blooded or bloodless
Grouped organisms together that were not related
2. Aristotle’s system remained unchanged for 2,000 years!
Aristotle
Aristotle grouped jellyfish & clown fish together because they lived in the water. However, these organisms are not closely related.
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6. Linnaeus: The Father of Modern Taxonomy
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Linnaeus: The Father of Modern Taxonomy
1732: Carolus Linnaeus developed system of classification – binomial nomenclature
Two name naming system
Gave organisms 2 names
Genus and species
Genus: noun species: adjective
Genus capitalized
species not capitalized
Both names are italicized or underlined
EX: Homo sapiens: wise / thinking man
Each organism is given a scientific name – even newly discovered species
Carolus Linnaeus
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7. Linnaeus’s System is Hierarchical
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Linnaeus’s System is Hierarchical
Most Inclusive
Kingdom
Which of the following contains all of the others?
Family c. Class
Species d. Order
Based on their names, you know that the baboons Papio annubis and Papio cynocephalus do not belong to the same:
Family c. Order
Genus d. Species
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Least Inclusive
Species
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8. Hierarchical Ordering of Classification
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Hierarchical Ordering of Classification
Grizzly bear
Black bear
Giant panda
Red fox
Abert squirrel
Coral snake
Sea star
KINGDOM Animalia
PHYLUM Chordata
As we move from the kingdom level to the species level, more and more members are excluded – species is least inclusive!
CLASS Mammalia
ORDER Carnivora
FAMILY Ursidae
GENUS Ursus
SPECIES Ursus arctos
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9. Slide # 9
Kingdom Eubacteria
E. coli
Streptococcus
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10. Kingdom Archaebacteria: Live in Extreme Habitats
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Kingdom Archaebacteria: Live in Extreme Habitats
Bacillus infernus lives in deep sea vents in the ocean – obtains energy from Earth’s heat
Also called extremophiles
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11. Kingdom Protista: Very Diverse
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Paramecium
Green algae
Amoeba
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12. Kingdom Fungi: Unusual Heterotrophs
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Kingdom Fungi: Unusual Heterotrophs
Mildew on Leaf
Mushroom
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13. Kingdom Plantae: The Last to Evolve!
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Kingdom Plantae: The Last to Evolve!
Ferns : seedless vascular
Douglas fir: seeds in cones
Sunflowers: seeds in flowers
Mosses growing on trees
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14. Kingdom Animalia Bumble bee jellyfish Sage grouse hydra
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Kingdom Animalia
Bumble bee
jellyfish
Sage grouse
hydra
Poison dart frog
sponge
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15. 1st step: Classify / Group into 2 groups
2nd step: Classify / Group EACH group into 2 groups
3rd step: Classify / Group Each group that still has different members into 2 groups