1. The French Revolution
Chapter 3 Sec 1 & 2

2. What is a revolution?

3. What is a Revolution?
Revolution -- the usually violent attempt by many people to end the rule of one government and start a new one
Could you think of some examples of Revolution?
Essential Question: What were the causes and consequences of the French Revolution?

4. Causes of the Revolution
Enlightenment Ideas
Ideas that challenged and criticized the government
2. Economic Problems
“Taille” Taxes only by the 3rd Estate
“Tithes” (Tenth) A tax to church
American Revolution
Bread Famine
3.King of Louis XVI & Queen Marie Antoinette

5. Enlightenment
Enlightenment Ideas challenged the powers of the king and the government:
What did Locke say?
Government should protect peoples’ rights?
What did Montesquieu say?
Three branches of the government to limit the powers of the government
What did Rousseau say?
Democracy – give power to the people.

6. Social Class France was divided into three Estates, social classes.
Social Classes -- a division of a society based on social and economic status.
First Estate – Clergy 2% of population, 50% of wealth
Second Estate – Nobility 1% of population , 20% of wealth
Third Estate -- Rest of the population (Commoners) 97% of the population had only 30% of wealth.

7. Second Estate

8. Third Estate
The Third Estate included merchants and laborers. It also included the Bourgeoisie – the educated middle Class: lawyers, bankers, merchants and manufacturers.

9. Political Cartoons

10. Financial Troubles France had an absolute monarchy.
Louis XIV (14) foreign policies led to financial troubles.
Deficit Spending – Government spends more money than it takes in. (debt)
Bankruptcy – unable to pay debts

11. Financial Troubles
Seven-Years War
American Revolution

13. King Louis XVI (16th) & Marie Antoinette

14. Incompetent Ruler
Lived in extravagance
Married an Austrian Princess (traditional rival)

15. Jacques Necker Finance minister Reduced spending Abolished tariffs
Proposed to tax the first two estates
Nobles fear of taxation forced the king to remove him from office

16. Estate-General

17. Estate-General
Legislative (law-making) body consisting of representatives of the three estates.
Three vote system: Each Estate had one vote
The collaboration between first two Estates made the Third Estate disadvantaged.
Frustrated, representatives of the Third Estate proclaimed themselves the National Assembly
Tennis Court Oath
To make a constitution

18. Storming of the Bastille
Rumors circulated royal troops were going to occupy the Paris, people took to the streets
People stormed the prison of Bastille to take the arsenal (weapons)
The mob killed the guards, and beheaded commander and put it on a spike

20. Declaration of the Rights of Man 1789
National Assembly demanded/forced the king to end special privileges
Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
Ended Feudalism
Equality of all male citizens
Equal opportunities
Freedom of religion

21. Women March on Versailles
Thousands of angry women marched from Paris to Versailles. The women demanded the king to leave until the King return to Paris.
The king and the royal family were forced to move into Tuileries Palace in Paris—as prisoners.

23. Radicals Take Control Bourgeoisie lawyers
Radicals known as the Jacobins took control of the government
Created a new constitution
Commissioned the Guillotine

24. Guillotine
Over 40,000 were killed. Of those, 16,000 were killed using the Guillotine
“The guillotine became the symbol of the revolutionary cause”.

25. The First Republic
King Louis attempted to escape to Austria with his family. However, failed.
Louis was forced to abdicate (step down/quit) from his position as the King of France.
France becomes a Republic!
Louis was tried for treason and executed! And later his wife Marie Antoinette was executed as well.

27. OA pg
Who were the Jacobins?
How did the European kings react after the execution of the French monarch?
What was the purpose of the Committee of Public Safety? Who was its leader?
What was the Reign of Terror?

28. Reign of Terror Maximilien Robespierre
takes control of the Committee of Public Safety
Protect France from the enemies within the country.
Controlled by radicals called the Jacobins.
20 – 40 thousand executed.
Targeted anyone who challenged the new government.
Reign of Terror

29. Reign of Terror

30. Execution of Robespierre

31. OA Pictowords
Revolution--the usually violent attempt by many people to end the rule of one government and start a new one
Constitution--laws by which a country, state, or organization is governed
a document that describes this system
Limited Monarchy – monarch’s power is limited (usually due to a constitution)
Radicals – people who want extreme changes and goals
Coup d’etat – a sudden overthrow of the government

32. Define the words by illustrating the words creatively

33. Rise and Fall of Napoleon
Chapter 3 Sec 3

34. Continued Hardships European powers waged war with France. (why?)
France was losing the war with the European forces.
The new government, the Directory was unable to strengthen the economy.
People became dissatisfied with the new government

35. Rise of Napoleon
Directory loses control of government & confidence of the people
General Napoleon Bonaparte takes control of the government
Coup d’ Etat

36. Napoleon Bonaparte

37. Peace Returns to France
First Consul (Leader) of France
Fixed economy
Settled problems with Church
Wrote Napoleonic Code
Equal treatment of all men
No feudalistic privileges

38. Napoleon The Emperor Crowns himself, Emperor of France!
Begins conquest of Europe
Napoleonic Wars
Establishes the largest empire since Rome
Conquers all but Britain

39. French Empire

42. Annexations (forced incorporation) and Forced Alliances

43. End of the Empire Largest Defeat in Russia
40,000 out of 600,000 lost to cold, hunger
Russia’s scorched earth
While Napoleon was weakened, Allies invade Paris
Napoleon forced to abdicate (quit)
He was exiled (Banished) to the island of Elba

45. The Hundred Days Escapes from exile & returns to France!
Decisively defeated at the battle of Waterloo
After 100 days
Exiled again and dies

46. Napoleon is defeated in the battle of Waterloo

47. Exile at Helena

48. Rocky History French First Republic (1792–1804)
First French Empire under Napoleon I (1804–1814/1815)
Bourbon Restoration under Louis XVIII and Charles X (1814/1815–1830)
July Monarchy under Louis Philippe d'Orléans (1830–1848)
Second Republic (1848–1852)
Second Empire under Napoleon III (1852–1870)
Third Republic (1870–1940)
the Fourth Republic (1946–58)
the Fifth Republic (since 1958)

49. OA Essential Questions
1.What were the causes and consequences of the French Revolution? 2. What are some similarities and differences do you notice about the American Revolution and the French Revolution?