1. Using Archived Data to Measure Operational Benefits of a System-wide Adaptive Ramp Metering (SWARM) System Data Collection Plan / Experimental Design May 9, 2006 Robert Bertini Sue Ahn

2. Agenda Corridors Selected Corridors Selected OR-217 SB OR-217 SB I-205 NB I-205 NB Data Collection Plan Data Collection Plan Evaluation Objectives Evaluation Objectives Data Sources and Tools Data Sources and Tools Data Collection Schedule Data Collection Schedule

3. OR 217S

4. Corridors Selected: OR-217S Length of Corridor: 7 miles Length of Corridor: 7 miles SWARM operation hours: SWARM operation hours: 6 – 9:30 AM (and 1 – 7 PM) 6 – 9:30 AM (and 1 – 7 PM) 11 on-ramps, 10 off-ramps 11 on-ramps, 10 off-ramps No. of loop stations: 11 (36 detectors) No. of loop stations: 11 (36 detectors) No loop station at US 26 (uncontrolled) No loop station at US 26 (uncontrolled) No. of cameras: 7 No. of cameras: 7 can be adjusted to allow better views of traffic on on-ramps. can be adjusted to allow better views of traffic on on-ramps. Additional cameras from US 26 and I-5 may also be used. Additional cameras from US 26 and I-5 may also be used.

5. I-205N

6. Corridors Selected: I-205N Length of Study Corridor: 9 miles Length of Study Corridor: 9 miles From Gladstone (MP 11) to Division (MP 20) From Gladstone (MP 11) to Division (MP 20) SWARM operation hours: SWARM operation hours: 6 – 10 AM and 1 – 7 PM 6 – 10 AM and 1 – 7 PM 9 on-ramps and 7 off-ramps 9 on-ramps and 7 off-ramps No. of loop stations: 9 (37 detectors) No. of loop stations: 9 (37 detectors) No. of cameras: 10 (one at Stark) No. of cameras: 10 (one at Stark) No direction: Stark, Powell, and Lawnfield No direction: Stark, Powell, and Lawnfield

7. Data Collection Plan Evaluation Objectives Freeway Conditions Freeway Conditions On-ramp Conditions On-ramp Conditions (Arterial Conditions) (Arterial Conditions) Safety Safety Air Quality Air Quality (Traffic Diversion) (Traffic Diversion)

8. Data Collection Plan: Freeway Measures Measures Flow, Occupancy, Speed Flow, Occupancy, Speed Travel Time, Delay, VMT, VHT Travel Time, Delay, VMT, VHT Data Sources Data Sources Loop detector data from TMOC: PORTAL Loop detector data from TMOC: PORTAL 20-second readings of Volume, Occupancy, and Speed 20-second readings of Volume, Occupancy, and Speed Use 5-min aggregates (after basic data cleaning) Use 5-min aggregates (after basic data cleaning) Probe runs for travel time and bottleneck Probe runs for travel time and bottleneck

9. Data Collection Plan: Data Quality Current Data Fidelity Measure Current Data Fidelity Measure Percent good readings (status = 0, 2, and 3) Percent good readings (status = 0, 2, and 3) No activity + OK + Suspicious No activity + OK + Suspicious Satisfactory for SWARM operation Satisfactory for SWARM operation Additional Filtering Additional Filtering Questions Questions (volume, speed, occupancy, status) = (0, 0, 0, 2) What does this mean? (volume, speed, occupancy, status) = (0, 0, 0, 2) What does this mean?

10. Data Collection Plan: Data Quality Filtering erroneous 20-second readings Filtering erroneous 20-second readings Single variable Single variable Volume > 17 (>3500 vph) Volume > 17 (>3500 vph) Occupancy > 95% Occupancy > 95% Speed > 100 mph Speed > 100 mph Speed < 5 mph Speed < 5 mph Multi-variable relationship Multi-variable relationship Volume = 0 and Speed > 0 Volume = 0 and Speed > 0 Volume > 0 and Speed = 0 Volume > 0 and Speed = 0 Volume = 0 and Occupancy > 0 Volume = 0 and Occupancy > 0

11. Data Quality: OR-217S March 2006

12. Data Quality: I-205N March 2006

13. Data Collection Plan: On-ramps Measures Measures Flow, Speed, Travel Time, Delay Flow, Speed, Travel Time, Delay Queue length Queue length Queue spill-over from on-ramp to arterial Queue spill-over from on-ramp to arterial Frequency of queue spill-over Frequency of queue spill-over Impact to arterials – feasible? (usually network- wide impact) Impact to arterials – feasible? (usually network- wide impact) (Compliance: Violation of metering) (Compliance: Violation of metering)

14. Data Collection Plan: On-ramps Data Sources Data Sources Loop detector data from TMOC in PORTAL Loop detector data from TMOC in PORTAL At the location of a meter At the location of a meter 20-second readings of Volume 20-second readings of Volume Use 5-min aggregates Use 5-min aggregates Road tubes (or other count device) Road tubes (or other count device) At the entrances to on-ramps: 2 at each entrance to detect queue spill-over At the entrances to on-ramps: 2 at each entrance to detect queue spill-over Uncontrolled on-ramp (e.g. US 26 on OR-217S) Uncontrolled on-ramp (e.g. US 26 on OR-217S) Measure queue length, travel time, and delay (using queueing theory) if there is no spill-over Measure queue length, travel time, and delay (using queueing theory) if there is no spill-over

15. Data Collection Plan: On-ramps Data Sources con’t Data Sources con’t Field observation Field observation Queue length at several busy on-ramps Queue length at several busy on-ramps prioritize on-ramps by volume/queue storage ratio prioritize on-ramps by volume/queue storage ratio a few days with SWARM on and with it off a few days with SWARM on and with it off Speed measurement using radar gun Speed measurement using radar gun For the on-ramp with error in speed measurement (OR-217S, Walker Rd (Lane 1)) For the on-ramp with error in speed measurement (OR-217S, Walker Rd (Lane 1)) Quantify systematic error to calibrate measurement Quantify systematic error to calibrate measurement

16. Data Collection Plan: On-ramps Data Sources con’t Data Sources con’t Field metering rates – TMOC ? Field metering rates – TMOC ? Ramp meter on and off times Ramp meter on and off times SWARM on and off times (communication failure) SWARM on and off times (communication failure) CCTV cameras (video inventory during peaks) CCTV cameras (video inventory during peaks) Limited number of VCRs (How many?) Limited number of VCRs (How many?) Back-up source for malfunctioning loops Back-up source for malfunctioning loops Queue length Queue length Ramp-meter violations (probably not all locations) Ramp-meter violations (probably not all locations)

17. Data Collection Plan: Safety Measures: Measures: Number and Duration of Incidents by Number and Duration of Incidents by Metering type (SWARM vs. Pre-timed) Metering type (SWARM vs. Pre-timed) Incident type (Collision, Flat tire, etc.) Incident type (Collision, Flat tire, etc.) Vehicle type (Car, Van, Semi-truck, etc.) Vehicle type (Car, Van, Semi-truck, etc.) Severity (fatality, property damage only, etc.) Severity (fatality, property damage only, etc.) Data Sources Data Sources ATMS incident database (1995 – 2006 ?) ATMS incident database (1995 – 2006 ?) ODOT/PDOT crash database (1995 – 2004): only before data and no duration ODOT/PDOT crash database (1995 – 2004): only before data and no duration

18. Data Collection Plan: Air Quality Measures Measures Fuel Consumptions Fuel Consumptions Engine Emissions Engine Emissions No additional data collection is necessary No additional data collection is necessary Use existing estimation models Use existing estimation models Input data: volume, speed, etc. Input data: volume, speed, etc.

19. Data Collection Schedule Phase 1 (SWARM OFF): 2 weeks Phase 1 (SWARM OFF): 2 weeks Phase 2 (SWARM ON): 2 weeks Phase 2 (SWARM ON): 2 weeks Adjustment period? Adjustment period?

20. Data Collection Efforts Preparation prior to phase 1 Preparation prior to phase 1 Placement of road tubes Placement of road tubes Test data stream before study Test data stream before study CCTV camera adjustment (angle, zoom, etc.) CCTV camera adjustment (angle, zoom, etc.) Field observation plan Field observation plan Selection of busy on-ramps Selection of busy on-ramps Days and times for field observation Days and times for field observation