1. Spanish-American War I. Imperialism peaks in Europe in late 1800s A. controlled Africa and Asia B. 4 factors for imperialistic activities: 1. economic factors: a. growth b. natural resources c. markets for trade

2. 2. nationalistic factors: a. competition b. devotion c. ideals and goals superior d. protect interests 3. military factors: a. advanced technology b. developed armies and navies c. military bases for fuel and supplies

3. 4. humanitarian factors: a. duty  spread Western civilization i. law, medicine, and Christian religion C. U.S. expansion 1. 1823, Monroe Doctrine a. warned Europeans b. main foreign policy of U.S. c. supports U.S. imperialism

4. 2. 1830s-1850s, Manifest Destiny a. conquer U.S. from Atlantic to Pacific Ocean b. 1848, Mexican-American War i. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ii. gained California, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Colorado, Utah, & Nevada iii. $15 million to Mexico

5. 3. 1853, U.S. Navy forced Japan to trade w/ U.S. 4. 1860s, expanded trade w/ China a. Open-Door Policy 5. 1867, bought Alaska from Russia a. $7.2 million 6. 1875, signed trade treaty w/ Hawaii for duty-free sugar a. taken over in 1893 7. 1870s, No Transfer Resolution

6. D. U.S. arguments for expansion 1. 1890s, promote economic growth a. built economic power b. new markets for trade c. created banana republics 2. protecting American security a. built navy to protect markets abroad from rivals b. 1881, built battleship  U.S.S. Maine

7. c. By 1900, U.S. had powerful navy 3. preserve American spirit a. quest for empire  bring back pioneer spirit b. social Darwinism  certain racial and national groups superior to others 4. Americans lean toward expansion a. supported conquest of Native Americans b. did not want to rule foreign peoples i. led to wars

8. II. The Spanish-American War A. Steps to War 1. 1898, riots in Havana 2. McKinley put USS Maine in Cuban harbor to protect Americans 3. de Lôme letter (Spanish ambassador) ridiculed Pres. McKinley 4. USS Maine explosion a. accidental fire set off by ammunition b. Spain blamed c. Americans wanted war

9. 5. Philippines a. Filipinos rebelled b. Theodore Roosevelt thought Philippines key base to protect US interests in Asia c. Admiral Dewey ordered to attack Spain in Philippines if war starts 6. McKinley’s war message a. sent Spain list of demands b. Spain accepted all, except Cuban independence c. Congress authorized war after McKinley’s message, “Remember the Maine!”

10. B. “A Splendid Little War” 1. 1 st action took place in the Philippines a. Admiral Dewey launched surprise attack and destroyed Spain’s entire Pacific fleet (7 hours) b. Rough Riders, led by T. Roosevelt got most attention in Cuba c. US Navy sank every Spanish ship d. 2,500 Americans died, <400 died in battle

11. C. Treaty of Paris 1. signed Dec. 1898 2. Spain recognized Cuban independence 3. Spain received $20 million for Philippines, Guam, & Puerto Rico a. “unincorporated” territories of US (can’t be states of US) 4. treaty barely passed in Senate a. many wanted territories to become states