1. Chapter 9

2. Emotional development is the process of learning to recognize and express one’s feeling and to establish one’s identity as a unique person. A child with healthy emotional development becomes an adult who has self-confidence. Social development is the process of learning to interact with others and to express oneself to others. Healthy social development results in an adult who show tolerance for others. Emotional/social development are connected. A child’s feeling about him/herself and behavior toward others depend on one another. COMPARING EMOTIONAL/SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

3. Babies have a basic need for physical contact-holding, cuddling, even just being near another person. This contact builds a bond called attachment. Problems occur when a baby’s physical needs are met, but they received no emotional or social care. When infants get little attention and encouragement from their caregivers, their cries weaken, their smiles fade and they become withdrawn. ATTACHMENT

4. Lack of love and attention may result in the baby not growing and developing properly. As adults they will be unable to developing caring, meaningful relationship with others. FAILURE TO THRIVE

5. Example of the importance of this was seen in an orphanage in Romania. The children had little or no personal care. It resulted in the physical and emotional development of these children being slower than normal.

6. Each baby brings his or her own individuality to a situation. These different responses are based on the baby’s temperament- his or her style of reacting to the world and relating to others. Researchers have found 9 different ways of looking at temperament. Each of them has a high and low side, meaning that a child has the trait to a greater or lesser amount. BABY’S OWN TEMPERAMENT

7. Intensity- how strong or weak a child’s emotional response to events or to others. Persistence-one who is determined to complete an action. Sensitivity- strong reactions to his or her own feelings. Perceptiveness-how aware they are of the surroundings. Adaptability-easy to adjust to change. Regularity-high  follows strong patterns; low  no pattern. Energy- high  physically active; low  move much less. First reaction- reaction to facing a new situation Mood THE 9 TEMPERAMENTS

8. These 9 temperament types fall into three major categories: Sensitive child-usually fussy and irritable as a baby. Placid child- easy going. Aggressive child- strong willed. Sensitive and aggressive children require more active parenting. It is common for children to display several characteristics from each temperament type. TEMPERAMENT TYPES

9. An infant learns how to behave toward others through his or her relationship with others. Babies learn about physical care through their daily routine (Changing diapers and clothes, feedings, etc.) Social behavior is learned the same way. (By seeing the same action brings about the same response.) Important to provide more positive than negative attention.(If negative attention is received more often, children are likely to do those things that bring on negative response.) More sensitive to attitudes than words. (Mixed messages confusing to baby /child) Provide consistency- positive response one time, negative next time. HOW BEHAVIOR IS LEARNED

10. The best way to help the infant develop trust is to have consistency. This happens by meeting the infant’s basic needs as quickly as possible. Having a daily routine or keeping the infant’s environment as consistent as possible helps to make them feel secure. If the infant does not develop a relationship of trust with his/her parents and caregivers, the infant learns to mistrust others and the world. ERIK ERIKSON’S TRUST VS. MISTRUST

11. Birth – range of emotions is limited pleasure or satisfaction and pain or discomfort. 1-2 months- feel delight, show by smiling. 2 month- show different feelings with different crying. EMOTIONS IN INFANCY

12. Most obvious sign of emotion is crying. Young babies who are crying need attention and care. Babies also develop their own technique for comforting themselves. CRYING AND COMFORTING

13. Follows a predictable pattern. Stranger Anxiety 2 nd half of the first year. Shows that the baby’s memory is improving. SIGNS OF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN INFANCY