1. The Five Kingdoms Life Science Standards of Learning Mrs. Holster

2. Standards of Learning LS.2 The student will investigate and understand that all living things are composed of cells. Key concepts include: a) cell structure and organelles; and b) similarities and differences between plant and animal cells. LS.3 The student will investigate and understand that living things show patterns of cellular organization. Key concepts include: a) cells, tissues, organs, and systems; and b) life functions and processes of cells, tissues, organs, and systems.

3. Standards of Learning LS.5 The student will investigate and understand that living things show patterns of cellular organization. Key concepts include: a)the distinguishing characteristics of kingdoms of organisms. LS.9 The student will investigate and understand interactions among populations in a biological community. Key concepts include: a) the relationships among producers, consumers, and decomposers in food webs.

4. Classification - Taxonomy Taxonomists today have classified and divided all living things into five groups they call Kingdoms. These kingdoms are based on how living things are the same and how they are different. Scientists are still learning about our world, and are making new discoveries everyday.

5. Classification of Organisms Scientists place organisms into different categories based upon the features that they have in common.

6. Classification of Organisms The most basic category of organisms is called a kingdom. Most scientists divide organisms into five major kingdoms. The five kingdoms are the Monera (Bacteria) Kingdom, the Protist Kingdom, the Fungi Kingdom, the Plant Kingdom, and the Animal Kingdom.

7. Kingdom Monera/Bacteria The Monera Kingdom consists of unicellular lifeforms. Unicellular means that they only have one cell. These cells have no nucleus, and are also missing many of the organelles, or parts, commonly found in other cells.

8. Kingdom Monera/Bacteria Monerans include all bacteria and one type of algae: blue-green algae. There are two types of bacteria: Archaebacteria and Eubacteria.

9. Kingdom Monera/Bacteria Archaebacteria are an ancient line of bacteria that live in extreme environments such as hot thermal vents. Eubacteria, or “true bacteria,” can be either harmful or helpful to other organisms.

10. Kingdom Protista The Protista Kingdom consists of unicellular life forms (life forms with only one cell) who have a nucleus. Examples of protists are amoebas, euglenas, paramecia, and diatoms.

11. Kingdom Protista The primary difference between protists and moneras is that protists are more complex, having a nucleus. Many protists appear to be both plant and animal. Like plants, they are green, and can create their own food. However, like animals, they have moving body parts, and are able to move around their environments.

12. Kingdom Protista Click on the picture of the diatoms to see a video clip about the Protist kingdom.

13. Multicellular Organisms The final three kingdoms contain organisms that are truly multicellular. They all have different types of cells that each perform special functions and work together to keep the organism alive.

14. Kingdom Plantae The members of the Plant kingdom are all producers. This means that they can make their own food through the process of photosynthesis.

15. Kingdom Plantae Plants use the light from the Sun to produce their own food. Plants get their green color from the chlorophyll to collect energy from the light of the Sun. They then use this energy to create food.

16. Kingdom Fungi The members of the Fungus kingdom are all decomposers that use spores to reproduce. Some examples are mold, mildew, and mushrooms.

17. Kingdom Fungi The members of the Fungus kingdom are all decomposers that use spores to reproduce. Unlike plants, fungi cannot make their own food. Some examples are mold, mildew, and mushrooms.

18. Kingdom Animalia The members of the Animal kingdom are all consumers. This means that they get their food from other organisms by eating them.

19. Kingdom Animalia Animals have tissues, organs and organ systems. Animals cannot make their own food. Without other food sources, animals could not survive.

20. Now Let’s Review!

21. Cellular Organization Unicellular organisms contain only one cell. Multicellular organisms are made of many cells.

22. The Two Types of Cells Prokaryotic cells: cells that do not have a nuclear membrane around the DNA Eukaryotic cells: cells that have a true nucleus containing the genetic material

23. Unicellular Kingdoms Unicellular organisms that are prokaryotic KINGDOM MONERA Unicellular organisms that are eukaryotic KINGDOM PROTISTA

24. Multicellular Kingdoms ALL multicellular organisms contain eukaryotic cells. Multicellular producer= KINGDOM PLANTAE

25. Multicellular Kingdoms Multicellular consumer KINGDOM ANIMALIA Multicellular decomposer KINGDOM FUNGI