1. Case studies By Mr Daniel Hansson

2. What Is a Case Study? Originated in clinical psychology to diagnose and treat patients An in-depth investigation of one single case (person, group, organization etc.)‏ Often uses triangulation; more than one method, researcher, approach to gather data.

3. Question What methods were used in your case study?

4. Types of case studies 1 Intrinsic: Study unique phenomena because they are interesting in their own right. Does not aim to generalize Instrumental: Study more general phenomena of interest. Aims to generalize

5. Question 2 Is your case study an extrinsic or intrinsic case study? Motivate your answer.

6. Types of case studies 2 Descriptive: Generate a detailed description of a phenomena Explanatory: Aims to describe and to find possible explanations for the phenomenon under investigation

7. Question Is your case study a descriptive or explanatory case study? Motivate your answer.

8. Evaluation: Strengths Opportunity to investigate phenomena that could not be investigated otherwise Permits insight into social processes in a group Stimulates new research Contradicts established theory and helps to develop new theories

9. Question a) Of the strengths mentioned, which apply to your case study? Motivate your answer. b) Does your case study challenge any of the psychological theories that you know? If that is the case, which one and why?

10. Evaluation: Weaknesses Researcher bias Memory distortions and effects of social desirability May be time consuming and expensive

11. Question Of the weaknesses mentioned, which apply to your case study?

12. To Which Extent Can Case Studies Be Generalized? If evidence from other studies confirms the findings, it might be possible to generalize to people who are similar to those in the case study (general is always present in the individual)‏ The findings may be applicable to similar settings (transferability)‏ Single case studies may be generalized to theory

13. Question a) Give examples of case studies that confirm the findings of your study b) Does your case support any of the psychological theories that you know? Which one and why?

14. Ethical aspects Participants must be anonymized Participants may have to deal with painful memories and emotions Difficulty of obtaining informed consent from some participants (e.g. Children, mentally ill)‏

15. Question What do you consider to be the ethical strengths and limitations of the H.M. study?

16. How Can a Case Study Be Used To Investigate a Problem in an Organization or Group? Can combine different data collection methods Can observe a phenomena over a longer period of time Can use in-depth methods that are not likely to be obtained by other snapshot methods