1. The East Asian Seas Marine Pollution Prevention and Management in the East Asian Seas (MPP-EAS) 1994-1999 11 countries US$ 8 million Building Partnerships in Environmental Management for the Seas of East Asia (PEMSEA) 1999-2004 11 countries US$ 16.2 million

2. Local Implementation of Environment-related International Conventions Framework for Multi-stakeholder Participation Poverty Alleviation Local Governance Ecosystem Management Integrated Coastal Management Integrated Coastal Management Framework for Environmental Investment

3. Ecosystem Approach: Integrated Coastal and Marine Management Ecosystem Approach: Integrated Coastal and Marine Management Ecosystem and human defined boundaries. Integrated planning, management and coordinating framework allow cross-sectoral, interagency concerns to be addressed. ICM development and implementing cycle provides a gradual process in managing human use of the goods and services generated by the ecosystems, thus allowing continuous efforts for policy, technological and other management interventions.

4. Ecosystem Approach: Integrated Coastal and Marine Management Clearly defined stakeholders whose interests intersect ecosystem at different points. Common vision, strategies, action plans provide a long-term, systematic, and ecosystem approach to resource management, thereby ensuring production of goods and services at sustainable level.

5. ICM Conceptual Boundary The ICM conceptual boundary encompassing the watershed and the extent of Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) is also the seaward boundary of most large marine ecosystems (LMEs). Also shown are operational boundaries or the general area of existing management boundaries of most countries which extend from an administrative boundary or high tide line to territorial seas.

6. ICM Program Development and Implementation Cycle

7. Measuring the Effectiveness and Viability of ICM Performance indicators process stress reducing sustainability environmental status Levels of attainment problem identification and program formulation program implementation program sustainability program’s impacts

8. ICM Working Models

9. Brunei Darussalam Cambodia China DPR Korea Indonesia Malaysia Philippines RO Korea Singapore Thailand Vietnam Japan * *Subject to further confirmation ICM Demonstration and Parallel Sites and Pollution Hot Spots ICM Demonstration and Parallel Sites and Pollution Hot Spots Bohai Sea Manila Bay Manila Bay Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Malacca Straits Malacca Straits

10. Ecosystem Management of Subregional Seas Systematic, programmatic approach. Simultaneously considers resources, human activities, ecosystem processes and their interactions. Risk assessment and risk management approach promote effective stakeholders participation and the use of policy and science in management decision making. Close coordination and mutually supportive ICM approach such as local implementation of international conventions.

11. Risk Assessment and Management in Subregional Sea Areas/Pollution Hot Spots Bohai Sea Manila Bay Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Malacca Straits Malacca Straits Institutional Arrangements Response Compensation/ Restoration Risk Assessment Environmental Monitoring Capacity Building Environmental Management Framework

12. Impediments to Designing and Implementing Regional Projects Determination and prioritization of transboundary environmental issues. Varying levels of national capability. Political sensitivity in relation to national boundary disputes. Varying economic, cultural, technological and political backgrounds. Proficiency in common language used.

13. Solutions to Impediments of Regional Project Design and Implementation Consensus building amongst national experts and key stakeholders. Creating opportunity for south-south cooperation. Avoid political, cultural sensitive issues. Allow national project staff to use own language in report writing but ensuring their understanding and target of project activities. Provide special capacity building program to narrow the gap of disparity between countries. Pre-project training on project development and implementation.